chapt 10. Physical development from conception

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

study of human physical, cognitive, social characteristics across the lifespan

Question 2

cross-sectional design

Answer 2

used to measure/compare samples of people at one time

Question 3

longitudnal design

Answer 3

follows development over time

Question 4

cohort effects

Answer 4

differences among people from being born in different time periods

Question 5

zygote

Answer 5

nuclei of egg and sperm

Question 6

teratogens

Answer 6

substances that impair development

Question 7

synaptogenesis

Answer 7

forming of new synaptic connections

Question 8

synaptic pruning

Answer 8

loss of weak nerve cell connections

Question 9

sensitive periods

Answer 9

windows of time during exposure to stimulation needed for development

Question 10

cognitive development

Answer 10

study of changes in memory/thought and reasoning in the lifespan

Question 11

assimilation

Answer 11

fitting new info to possessed belief system

Question 12

accomodation

Answer 12

modifying beliefs based on experiences

Question 13

sensormotor stage

Answer 13

birth to 2 years, infants thinking about world based on immediate sensory

Question 14

object permeanse

Answer 14

understanding objects exist without being visibly present

Question 15

preoperational stage

Answer 15

devoted to language development

Question 16

conservation

Answer 16

knowledge that object isnt the same as physical arrangement

Question 17

concrete operational stage

Answer 17

developing logical skills

Question 18

formal operational stage

Answer 18

advancing cognitive processes

Question 19

core-knowledge hypothesis

Answer 19

infants have inborn abilities for understanding key aspects of their environments

Question 20

habituation

Answer 20

decrease of response to repeated stimulus, gets boring

Question 21

dishabituation

Answer 21

response to same event with different stimuli

Question 22

zone of proximal development

Answer 22

development is deal with attentive guardians

Question 23

scaffolding

Answer 23

attentive approach to teaching where teacher matches guidance to learner’s needs

Question 24

attachment

Answer 24

enduring emotional bond between people (parent ad child)

Question 25

strange situation test

Answer 25

measuring infant attachment by observing infants behaviours

Question 26

attachment behavioural system

Answer 26

meeting needs for security

Question 27

caregiving behavioural system

Answer 27

meeting needs for others

Question 28

introjection

Answer 28

unconsciously adopting the ideas/attitudes of other

Question 29

inductive dicipline

Answer 29

explaining consequences of a child's actions on other

Question 30

self-awareness

Answer 30

recognizing individuality

Question 31

egocentric

Answer 31

only considering own perspective

Question 32

theory of mind

Answer 32

ability to understand that others have different opinions

Question 33

primary sex traits

Answer 33

changes of body used for reproducing

Question 34

secondary sex traits

Answer 34

changes of body not for reproducing

Question 35

menarche

Answer 35

menstruations

Question 36

spermache

Answer 36

serm ejaculation

Question 37

preconventional morality

Answer 37

seeking reward to avoid punishment

Question 38

conventional morality

Answer 38

regards social conventions and rules as guidelines for behaviours

Question 39

post-conventional morality

Answer 39

rules are relative, grey areas