Chapt 2

Question 1

The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) _______________ bond.

Answer 1

covalent

Question 2

What property of water is NOT attributable to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

Answer 2

polarity

Question 3

When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.

Answer 3

quarternary

Question 4

All enzymes are

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?

Answer 5

nucleic acids

Question 6

Organic Compounds

Answer 6

Strong Carbon covalent bonds

Molecules with a C backbone and attached functional groups

Question 7

What are functional groups

Answer 7

clusters of atoms covalently bonded to C backbone

determine reactivity of the overall molecule

Question 8

removing water from monomers to create polymers

Answer 8

dehydration reaction

Question 9

breaking apart polymer chain to a monomer by adding water back

Answer 9

rehydrate reaction

Question 10

Carbohydrates used in anmials

Answer 10

Energy

Structural Material - give shape

Question 11

Monosaccharides

Answer 11

One sugar form - classic glucose

simplest

Question 12

Disaccharides

Answer 12

short chain carbohydrate (maltose)

Dehydration function

Question 13

polysachharides

Answer 13

complex carb – three or more

Question 14

5 or 6 carbon backbone

Answer 14

monosach

Question 15

ribose glucose fructose deoxyribose

Answer 15

monosacch

Question 16

2 monosacchs covalently bonded

Answer 16

disaccharides

Question 17

glucose isomer

Answer 17

hard to break down becuase body cant break it down so it stores it.

Question 18

structrual or storage carb

cellulose and starch

Answer 18

polysaccharides

Question 19

explane energy from plant to person

Answer 19

carbon dioxide from the sun
energy to drive chem reaction 
combine with water pulled from grown
to turn into sugar
stringing them together to form polysaccharides or starch

Question 20

sugar storage form in animals

iin muscles and liver cells

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

LIpids

Answer 21

fats
Dont mix with water
Less dense than water

Question 22

straight H chain with Carbon Backbone

Answer 22

non polar

lipids

Question 23

Types of lipids

Answer 23

Fatty acids & fats
phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

Question 24

Why are fats good

Answer 24

2x as much energy per unit

Question 25

triglycerides - how are they put together?

Answer 25

fatty acids tails attached to glycerol | 3 long carbon chains attached to carbon backbone

Question 26

saturated fat

Answer 26

single bonds between carbons | animals

Question 27

unsaturated

Answer 27

one or more double carbon bonds | plants

Question 28

kinks make these fats liquid at room temp

Answer 28

unsaturated

Question 29

tight bond makes these fats solid at room temp

Answer 29

saturated

Question 30

main component of cell membranes fatty acid attached to a phospate head carbon non polar tail positive head

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

phosopate head gives a phosophlipid a ____ charge

Answer 31

polar

Question 32

4 fused Carbon Rings | Important precursors for sex hormones

Answer 32

steroids

Question 33

Cholesterol makes | through process of

Answer 33

Vitamin D | estrogen and testosterone

Question 34

Waterproofing Cover Cuticle of plants Preen Glands Beeswax

Answer 34

Waxes

Question 35

Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are

Answer 35

liquid at room temp

Question 36

The sugar found in RNA is

Answer 36

ribose

Question 37

Most living tissue most diverse biomolecule made up of amino acids

Answer 37

proteins

Question 38

support protiens

Answer 38

hiar skin nails

Question 39

metabolism proteins

Answer 39

enzymes

Question 40

tranport

Answer 40

hemoglobin

Question 41

transport carbon dioxide

Answer 41

antibodies

Question 42

regulation

Answer 42

hormones

Question 43

amino group carboxyl group functional group "r"

Answer 43

small organic molecules that are composed of 3 things

Question 44

properties of amino acids determined by the

Answer 44

R group

Question 45

20 amino acids

Answer 45

how many aminos are there

Question 46

Peptide Bond

Answer 46

Covalent Bond that links amino groups of one AA w/ carboxyl group of the next through dehydration synthesis.

Question 47

Protein synthesis

Answer 47

peptide bonds continue to spilit into dipeptire and polypeptide

Question 48

Primary structrue

Answer 48

actual sequence of AA | unique for all proteins

Question 49

structure determines

Answer 49

function

Question 50

secondary

Answer 50

folding that occurs when certain AA are placed next to each other between H bonds

Question 51

tertiary AA

Answer 51

when secondary collapse in on each otehr and create a massive ball folding due to inteactons between R groups

Question 52

Quaternary AA

Answer 52

more than one polypeptide chain

Question 53

If AA structure is off it

Answer 53

sickle blood sells, throws off hemoglobin | does not transport oxy as well

Question 54

Disrupts 3D AA shape Breaks weak bonds Causes pH and temp change

Answer 54

Protein denautration

Question 55

Destroying shape disrupts _____

Answer 55

function

Question 56

H+ in Acid interfiers with

Answer 56

H- bonding in protein

Question 57

Causes expansion of vibration of atoms

Answer 57

heat

Question 58

Molecules composed of chains of nucleotides

Answer 58

nucleic acids

Question 59

Nucleotide:

Answer 59

sugar phosphate group a base ( nitrogen - single or double ring structure)

Question 60

Nucleic Function

Answer 60

ATP- energy carriers coenzymes = chem rxns chemical messengers DNA & RNA

Question 61

ATP derived from

Answer 61

3 phosphate group

Question 62

What is DNA

Answer 62

``` molecule of inheritance double stranded A adenine T thymine G guanin C cytosine ```

Question 63

What is RNA

Answer 63

``` protein construction single strand Adenine uracil Guanine Cytosine ```