Chapter 01 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
Who said it?
“He who pretends to be either painter or engraver without being a master of drawing is an imposter.”
A
William Blake, English artist and poet
2
Q
A rough preliminary version of a work or part of a work.
A
Sketch
3
Q
The material on or form which an artist chooses to make a work of art.
A
Medium
4
Q
Name the sketch.
A
Drawing for a wing of a flying machine
Leonardo da Vinci
1478-1480
5
Q
Watercolor is sometimes classified as?
A
As a drawing because it is executed on heavy paper.
6
Q
Pastel is sometimes classified as?
A
As a painting drawn on a rough panel.
7
Q
Categorization of drawings is dictated by?
A
Surface on which the drawing is executed.
8
Q
Leonardo da Vinci engaged in which activity—banned by the Church—in order to get detailed drawings of the human anatomy?
a. cremation
b. embalming
c. dissection
A
c. dissection
9
Q
For Raphael’s drawing “ The School of Athens” to the wall, what substance did he use to mark the wall?
a. paint
b. ink
c. charcoal dust
A
c. charcoal dust
10
Q
When and where was paper invented?
A
China - Han Dynasty - First Century
Cai Lun, a court official
He used macerated vegetable fibers in water.
11
Q
What metals did the Renaissance use to draw images?
A
Lead, tin, copper, and silver.
12
Q
What did Raphael use to draw “Head of the Virgin and Child” and with techniques?
A
He used silverpoint and used hatching with cross-hatching to create strong dark values.
13
Q
The use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness.
A
Hatching
14
Q
The use of overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness.
A
Cross-hatching
15
Q
The surface quality of work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in detail.
A
Texture
15
Q
When artists used silverpoint for a drawing on wood, what was the thin coating used?
a. ink
b. bone ash
c. chalk
A
b. bone ash
16
Q
What type of binders are used to combine pigment for sticks of chalk, pastel, and crayons?
A
Oil, wax, gum arabic, and glues.
17
Q
The softer the penicil the _____ the mark.
A
darker
18
Q
The ____ or black graphite pencils are softer and darker than the _____ series.
A
The B is darker than the H series.
19
Q
Why is ink a favorite among artists?
A
It’s permanence, precision, and strong dark color.
20
Q
This ink is made by mixing soot with water and gum.
A
Carbon ink
21
Q
Carbon ink was used when and where?
A
Around 2500 BCE
China
India
22
Q
This ink would discolor over time and become smudged in humid environments.
A
Carbon ink
23
Q
Comic-book artists use a contemporary version of carbon ink called?
A
India (Indian) ink
24
An edge or profile of an object but is not a complete outline of shape.
Contour
25
What do contour lines suggest?
Volume and space
26
How does contour suggest volume and space?
By showing clues of changing character of a surface.
27
What are the types of lines?
Contour and implied
28
What are the functions of line?
direct the viewer's gaze
communicate an idea
29
What are the different feelings and ideas that can be expressed by line?
Lines regulate + control
Lines express freedom + passion
Lines can be regular or irregular
30
Pablo Picasso is often associated with what style of technique?
Cubist style
31
Twentieth-century movement and style in art, mostly painting, which the perspective of a single viewpoint is abandoned and use of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes creating a collage of three-dimensions on a flat surface.
Cubism
32
Word or piece of text that is laid out so that is creates a visual image related to the meaning of the word or piece of text.
Calligram
33
This mangaka group of artists used strong diagonals to add intense feeling of movement on the page.
CLAMP
34
What do the communicative lines suggest in Vincent Van Gogh's painting "The Bedroom"
Most lines are strong verticals indicating an energy anxiety or strength.
Possibly that the room was not a calm restful space. Horizontal lines would imply peace.
Floor changes color and value sporadically throughout.
Vertical line width communicates anxiety.
This piece was done just before Van Gogh committed suicide and possibly a reflection of how he felt.
35
Lines can be a tool to:
a. demarcate boundaries
b. imply direction
c. define shapes
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
36
Barbara Hepworth used line to plan and visualize her three-dimensional artwork. What kind of three-dimensional artwork did she create?
a. sculpture
b. fibers
c. video
d. performance
a. sculpture
37
This artist used a process called automatic drawing to create spontaneous and free lines. He'd go days without food or sleep to explore deep-rooted sources of truth and creativity.
a. George Bellows
b. Canaletto
c. Andre Masson
d. CLAMP
c. Andre Masson
38
Dashes and grids in the "The Devil Made Me Do it" by Sauerkids is an example of what kind of line?
a. directional
b. implied
c. actual
d. organic
b. implied
39
In the work "The Connectors" by artist James Allen, what kind of line is used to draw the view's attention to the builders facing the height of the Empire State Building?
a. directional
b. organic
c. implied
d. irregular
a. directional
The strong diagonals direct the viewer attention downward.
40
Vertical lines tend to communicate:
a. calmness
b. passivity
c. action
d. strength
d. strength
Think columns, trunks of trees they represent strength.
41
In the painting The Two Fridas, Frida Kahlo uses __________ line to connect two figures, symbolizing two parts of her life.
a. regulated
b. directional
c. grid
d. implied
b. directional
Directional lines can be used to bring attention to specific elements within the work.
42
A two-dimensional area where the boundaries are defined by lines or suggested by changes in color or value.
Shape
43
Two-dimensional figures can be defined by:
a. height, width, depth
b. height, width
b. height, width
44
How is depth made in three-dimensional work?
Artistic devices such as shading.
A circle shape is two-dimensional and to draw a sphere we can add the needed depth by shading.
45
Two-dimensional element that can be used to define space.
Shape
46
What are the two types of shapes?
Geometric
Organic
47
These shapes are composed of regular lines and curves.
Geometric
48
These shapes are composed of unpredictable, irregular lines that suggest the natural world.
Organic
49
These shapes seem unrestrained or chaotic and at times reflect constant change in living things.
Organic
50
What shapes are in section A and section B?
A. Geometric
B. Organic
51
What does "femmage" reference?
Homages to the work of women.
52
An area of the lightest value in a work.
Highlight
53
What shape is mathematically regular and precise?
a. geometric
b. organic
c. implied
d. negative
a. geometric
Geometric shapes are made up of regular predictable lines.
54
A shape defined by its surrounding empty space.
Positive shape
55
An unoccupied or empty space that is created after positive shapes are positioned in a work of art.
Negative space
56
The reversal of the relationship between one shape (the figure) and its background (the ground), so that the figure becomes background and the ground becomes the figure.
Figure-ground reversal
57
What technique is used in M.C. Escher's "Sky and Water I" woodcut?
Figure-ground reversal
58
This artist used contrasting positive and negative shapes to create his Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge poster, an expression that symbolizes the victory of the Bolshevik Red Army over the anti-Communist Russians.
a. M.C. Escher
b. Noma Bar
c. El Lissitzky
d. Georgia O'Keeffe
c. El Lissitzky
Lissitzky artist was a designer who created images to support the Communist Revolution in Russia.
59
Noma Bar’s illustration Gun Crime uses positive and negative shape to communicate:
a.
b. the act of gun crime and its terrible result
"Gun Crime" refers to both the act and its result.
60
What are the elements of art?
Line, shape, form, volume, mass, texture, value (lightness/darkness), space, color, motion, and time
61
An object that can be defined in three dimensions (height, width, and depth)
Form
62
The space filled or enclosed by a three-dimensional figure or object.
Volume
63
A volume that has or gives the illusion of having weight, density, and bulk.
Mass
64
The surface quality of a work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in detail
Texture
65
A two-dimensional object such as a triangle is called?
a shape
66
These are flat and do not have depth, mass, or volume although they can be made to give an illusion of actual depth.
Shape
67
An actual three-dimensional object, such as a pyramid is called?
a form
68
What are the two fundamental attributes of form?
volume and mass
69
The amount of actual space a form occupies.
Volume
70
The concept that volume is solid and occupies space.
Mass
71
What are the two types of form?
Geometric and organic
72
Form that is regular and readily expressed in words or mathematics such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and pyramids.
Geometric form
73
What type of form is the Pyramid of Khafre which is guarded by the Great Sphinx of Giza?
Geometric form because of it's straight, controlled planes that articulate four sides.
74
A flat, two-dimensional surface onto which an artist can create a drawing or painting.
Plane
75
Form that is of most things in the natural world that is irregular and unpredictable.
Organic form
76
Art imagery that departs from recognizable images of the natural world.
Abstract
77
A sculpture that projects from a flat surface.
Relief
78
A freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides.
In-the-round
79
A work in which forms project from a flat surface that is designed to be viewed from one side only.
Relief
80
A sculpture carved with very little depth where the carved subjects rise only slightly above surface of the work.
Bas-relief (low relief)
81
A carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background.
High relief
82
What type of relief is the Imperial Procession?
High relief because the south facade has depth to the carvings making areas of the composition look further away from others. The figures in the foreground are deeply carved.
83
What type of relief is the Limestone stela with Mayan glyphs?
Bas-relief (low relief) because the pictographic symbols describing the reign of K'ak'U'Ti' Chan are organized with equal visual weight so that the viewer would read every element in the compostion.
84
Which of these is a form?
a. triangle
b. circle
c. pyramid
d. square
c. pyramid
A pyramid is a form because it can be measured in height, width, and depth.
85
This famous object is the largest carving in the world created from a single stone.
a. Great Sphinx of Giza
b. Pyramid of Khufu
c. Ara Pacis
d. Brancusi's "The Kiss"
a. Great Sphinx of Giza
The Great Sphinx was carved from the living rock.
86
Which of these is not geometric?
a. leaf
b. sphere
c. pyramid
d. cylinder
a. leaf
A leaf is not regular and cannot be easily expressed using mathematical models.
87
The human figure communicates the rich experience of humanity, and artists emulate this experience using this kind of form:
a. geometric
b. regular
c. statoic
d. organic
d. organic
The form of the human figure is irregular and unpredictable.
88
There are two kinds of relief sculpture: a pronounced surface treatment called high relief, and a shallow surface sculpture called ________.
bas-relief
Bas-relief is carved with very little depth.
89
What is the difference between volume and mass?
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
Mass suggests that something is solid and occupies space.
90
The presence of mass suggests?
weight, gravity, and a connection to Earth.
91
The absence of mass suggests?
lightness, airiness, flight.
92
Asymmetrical mass that are not divided equally on a central axis suggest?
dynamism, movement, change.
93
Which is mass and which is volume?
A = volume
B = mass
94
This can occur when an artists implies a form by using separate pieces organized in a way that creates a structure.
Open volume
95
Ralph Helmick is using what type of volume and what type of shape?
Open volume that is creating an image of the human head. The shape is delineated but not enclosed making the shape implied.
96
This element of art is used to describe the usable interior space of an architectural form.
a. volume
b. mass
c. texture
d. shape
a. volume
The usable space of an architectural form is its volume.
97
This doesn't necessarily mean heaviness only that a volume is a solid and occupies space.
Mass
98
This element of art is used to describe the solidity of a form, such as that of large boulders or the sculpture House by Rachel Whiteread.
a. volume
b. texture
c. shape
d. mass
d. mass
Mass is the expression of visual weight.
99
Any three-dimensional object that can be touched and felt has?
Texture
100
What texture do two-dimensional images have?
implied texture
101
Texture where the artist creates an effect that reminds us of our tactile memory of an actual texture.
Implied texture
102
An artistic movement in the 1920s and later where works were inspired by dreams and the subconscious.
Surrealists
103
The Swiss Surrealist, Meret Oppenheim used ____ to contradict the conscious logical experience of views.
texture
104
The slick cold surface of a finely finished metal object, the rough-hewn splintery character of a broken branch, and the pebbly surface of a rocky beach are all examples of this element of art:
a. mass
b. texture
c. shape
b. texture
Textures are the tactile experience of a form, like a finely finished metal object or a pebbly beach.
105
Artists use this kind of texture if they want to contradict a viewer's normal expectations of a textured surface.
a. organic
b. implied
c. actual
d. subversive
d. subversive
Subversive texture is a texture that contradicts the expected tactile experience.
106
Texture is a texture that contradicts the expected tactile experience.
subversive
107
What techniques do artists use to imply depth?
Value, space, and perspective
108
The creation of the illusion of depth in a two-dimensional image by using mathematical principles.
Perspective
109
The lightness or darkness of a surface emulates the effects of light and shadow.
Value
110
Value can be used to suggest?
Solidity
111
Optics of vision technique that mimics our visual perceptions of color, clarity, and form at a distance.
Atmospheric perspective
112
Drawing method system using diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.
Isometric perspective
113
Drawing method system using converging imaginary sight lines to create the illusion of depth.
Linear perspective
114
Explain the methods used in the painting "The Treachery of Images" by Belgian Surrealist artist Rene Magritte.
Value and perspective to imply depth.
Varying values on the pipe (light and dark tones) to create shadows which suggest depth.
Top of bowl has 2 concentric ellipses to create the perspective of circles.
The pipe looks like it would feel solid but is really an illusion on a flat surface.
115
The use of this technique can produce a sense of solidity as well as influence the viewers mood.
Value
116
Detective movies in the 1940's were filmed in dark tones and had their own style called?
Film Noir
French for "Black Film"
117
This Dinesphere has what shape?
Geodesic sphere
It's made up of triangular elements creating a sphere.
118
Method of applying value to a two-dimensional piece of artwork to create the illusion of a three-dimensional solid form.
Chiaroscuro
119
Chiaroscuro creates the sense of?
Volume
120
Type of chiaroscuro that relies on a single light source and broad areas of darkness or shadow to create a dramatic and intense work.
Tenebrism
121
What techniques are being used in Caravaggio's "The Calling of St. Matthew"?
Strong contrasting values to make the quiet gathering feel pivotal and powerful.
Tenebrism, the extreme type of chiaroscuro, with a single source of light to create darkness and shadows.
Christ's hand has extra emphasis pointing to Matthew.
Light frames Matthew. He is being called to become one of Christ's disciples.
122
Explain A and B.
A. Increasing the frequency of hatch lines implies darker value.
B. Overlapping lines or cross-hatching, intensifies the darkness of the value.
123
These two values are at the extreme ends of a value range.
a. dark gray and light gray
b. black and white
b. black and white
The value range extends from black to white with gray values in between.
124
_______ is a method for implying depth in an environment, not three dimensions.
Atmospheric perspective
125
Artists sometimes use this method of applying value to create an impression of three-dimensionality.
a. chiaroscuro
b. tinting
c. atmospheric perspective
a. chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro can be used to give a work a sense of three-dimensionality.
126
How are lines drawn in isometric perspectives to create depth?
parallel or diagonal
127
Linear perspective is a mathematical system that uses lines to create the illusion of depth in a two-dimensional artwork. What type of lines are used?
Actual lines and implied lines
128
A device that consisted of a small dark box, which would conduct sunlight through a tiny pinhole and allow a real, full-color, upside-down image of objects outside the device to be projected onto a surface.
Camera obscura
(Latin for "dark room")
129
The point or points in a work of art at which imaginary sigh lines appear to converge, suggesting depth.
Vanishing point(s)
130
In perspective systems, imaginary sightlines extending from forms to the vanishing point.
Orthogonals
131
What are the variations of linear perspective?
One-point
two-point
multiple-point
132
In this perspective rule, it relies on a single vanishing point so the scene must be directly in front of the artist or viewer.
Like standing on an empty highway facing and underpass.
One-point perspective
133
In this perspective, the vanishing point is not directly in front of the viewer, or the objects are not parallel.
Two-point perspective
134
In this perspective system, there are two vanishing points on the horizon and one not on the horizon.
Three-point perspective
135
A perspective technique that depicts a form that often is distorted or reduced at an angle that is not parallel to the picture plane so that there is an illusion of depth.
Foreshortening
136
Artists intersperse and alternate value and texture to create a sense of:
a. relief
b. mystery
c. rhythm
c. rhythm
Rhythm can be added to a work of art by alternating texture and value.
137
An artist can create an illusion of depth using only color by varying the:
a. relief
b. components
c. volume
d. intensity
d. intensity
By controlling the intensity of color, an artist can imply depth
138
This type of perspective is used by computer- and video-game designers because it allows them to create depth using parallel diagonal lines.
a. isometric
b. linear
c. atmospheric
d. one-point
a. isometric
Isometric perspective involves parallel lines, which a game designer can use to imply depth.
139
This Italian artist was the first to define a formal system of linear perspective.
a. Michelangelo
b. Leonardo da Vinci
c. Raphael
d. Brunelleschi
d. Brunelleschi
Brunelleschi formulated rules for linear perspective so that others could use it.
140
This perspective is designed to be used on a horizontal view, not for complex views.
Two-point
141
This kind of perspective is best used when the artist is confronted by a complex scene in which the viewpoint is not at ground level.
a. isometric
b. multiple-point
c. one-point
d. two-point
b. multiple-point
Multiple-point perspective can help an artist plot out the correct perspective for a complex scene.
142
The method whereby rules of perspective are applied to represent unusual points of view, especially when depicting the human form, is called:
a. woodcutting
b. variable angling
c. coordinating
d. foreshortening
d. foreshortening
Foreshortening is a perspective technique that often distorts a form to convey the illusion of depth.
143
Raphael’s The School of Athens uses both one-point and two-point perspective because the objects are not all arranged in a perpendicular and parallel pattern. Even though both one- and two-point perspective are used, the vanishing points are still positioned:
a. above the horizon line
b. below the horizon line
c. on the horizon line
c. on the horizon line
Most examples of one- and two- point perspective, including The School of Athens, place the vanishing points on the horizon.
144
A vanishing point would be above the horizon when?
we are looking at a scene from below.
145
A vanishing point would be below the horizon when?
we are looking at a scene from above.
146
A vanishing point would be placed center when using?
one-point perspective
147
The horizon line is a continuous line that remains at?
eye level
148
Objects below the horizon line will be view from?
above
149
Objects above the horizon line will be view from?
below
150
Changing the level of the horizon will change ?
how the object or subject is viewed
151
One point perspective has how many vanishing points?
One vanishing point
152
Two point perspective has how many vanishing points?
Two vanishing points
153
Three point perspective has how many vanishing points?
Three vanishing points
154
How many vanishing points does this picture have?
The long corridor walls are parallel as well as the ceiling and floor.
This is one point perspective where the converging lines meet at the one vanishing point and horizon line across it.
155
Our perception of color is the result of an interaction between light and what surface attribute?
a. wavelength
b. spectrum
c. prism
d. pigment
d. pigment
Pigment exists in the surface of an object.
156
A term from physics that measures light as the distance between two corresponding points on a wave of energy.
Wavelength
157
A transparent material with flat, polished surfaces, a form with at least three sides, that can be used to disperse light to reveal the range of color in the visible spectrum.
Prism
158
An arrangement of entities.
Spectrum
159
The colored material used in paint, often made from finely ground minerals.
Pigment
160
What does a prism do?
White light passes through a prism and the white light is then separated into the visible spectrum of color.
161
We are looking at a blue sweater - if light consists of all colors of the spectrum then how is is possible to perceive only the blue in a sweater?
The surface of the sweater contains the blue pigment and when white light reaches the sweater it reflects the blue from the spectrum.
The surface of the sweater will reflect the blue and all other colors of the spectrum will be absorbed by the blue pigment.
Our visual perception of the reflected color begins when the reflected blue enters our eyes and excites the nerve cells in the back lining of our eyes. The nerve signals are then processed to the brain to interpret the color.
162
Reflected light excites ________ that line the back of our eyes, and their signals are reprocessed and interpreted as color in our brains.
a. pigment
b. nerve cells
c. pupils
d. irises
b. nerve cells
Nerve cells are responsible for sensing color for the brain to interpret.
163
Color mixtures using light, for example those in digital displays, are called __________ color mixtures.
a. optical
b. additive
c. subtractive
b. additive
Additive color is color that is mixed using light.
164
When colors of light are mixed the result is the same as when colors of pigment are mixed.
True/False
False
When colors of light are mixed they are NOT the same as colors of pigment mixed.
Pigment is a solid material
Light is transient waves of energy.
165
Adding colored lights to a surface increases in brightness and if we keep adding more colors it will lead to?
white light
166
When mixing pigments together, how do they behave in contrast to mixing colors of light?
Pigment is mixed with a binder. If mixing different colored paints with different pigments the result usually is duller where as colored lights mixed will be brighter.
167
Colors produced from pigment mixture where more of the spectrum is absorbed from the light when it hits the pigmented surface.
Subtractive color
168
General classification of a color
Hue
169
What are the primary colors?
red, yellow, blue
These cannot be created mixing any two colors together.
170
What are the secondary colors?
orange - blend red and yellow
green - blend blue and yellow
violet - blend blue and red
171
This is a kind of color map that allows an artist to quickly assess the attributes of colors as they relate to each other.
a. complementary color
b. color wheel
c. color scheme
b. color wheel
A color wheel diagrams how colors relate to one another.
172
Secondary colors can be created from a mixture of:
a. three primary colors
b. two primary colors
b. two primary colors
Two primaries will result in a secondary color.
173
_______ colors are found on opposite sides of a color wheel, and tend to be jarring and contrasting.
Complementary
174
By using this kind of color combination, artists avoid jarring, contrasting color and mood.
a. complementary
b. analogous
c. tints
b. analogous
Analogous colors are similar to each other, which creates less contrast.
175
The degree of purity of a color.
Chroma (also known as saturation)
176
Colors that are lighter than their basic hue, implying that they have been mixed with white.
Tints
177
Colors that are darker than their basic hue, implying that they have been mixed with black.
Shades
178
A work that uses only one hue.
Monochromatic
179
Twentieth-century movement and style in art, especially in painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, then later a collage.
Cubism
Artists that use cubism are Cubists
180
An early twentieth-century art movement that emphasized bold, exaggerated colors and simplified forms to favor creative expression over accuracy.
Fauvism
Artists that used Fauvism called themselves Fauves. (Foov)
French for "wild beast"
181
A color that is lighter than its basic hue is called a:
a. hue
b. tint
c. shade
b. tint
A tint is a color that is lighter than its basic hue.
182
A color that is almost gray has a low chroma, or __________.
saturation
Saturation is a another way to describe chroma.
183
A late nineteenth-century painting style using short strokes or points of differing colors that optically combine to form new perceived colors.
Pointillism
184
What style of painting is in this piece and why?
Pointillism is used because the small dots ( or points) that are so close together, the colors we see are actually different from the colors of the actual dots.
185
The ancient Chinese “Theory of Five Elements” associated colors with corresponding cultural symbols. This philosophy is called:
a. I Ching
b. Wu Xing
c. Confucianism
b. Wu Xing
The Wu Xing, or Theory of Five Elements, was used to make associations between other aspects of the world.
186
Bernini’s sculpture Apollo and Daphne implies motion. What kind of action is being depicted?
a. a chase scene
b. lovers in an embrace
a. a chase scene
Apollo chases Daphne in this work.
187
Op art of the 1960s relied on a physiological effect that creates an illusion of motion. This effect is caused by:
a. the natural oscillations of the eye
b. our lack of ability to see some colors
c. blinking
a. the natural oscillations of the eye
The human eye naturally vibrates and perceives movement when sharp contrast and hard-edged repetition are present.
188
Moving images created using individual frames of hand-sculpted puppets and backgrounds is a form of?
Stop-motion animation
Stop-motion animation is created one frame at a time.
189
