Chapter 02

Question 1

Identify the functions of drawing

Answer 1

Surface

Question 2

Recognize the differences between dry media and wet media techniques and tools

Answer 2

Dry media:
Tools - Silverpoint, pencil, color pencil, charcoal, chalk, pastel, crayon, erasers

Wet media:
Wet medias are applied with brushes or pen.
Tools - ink, brush drawing, quill and pen.

Question 3

Recognize the various types of painting and paint ingredients (pigment, binder, and vehicle).

Answer 3

Binders: beeswax, egg yolk, vegetable oils and gums, water, and polymers

Solvents: turpentine can be added to oil paint to make it thinner.

Question 4

Define terms related to painting processes, materials, and techniques

Question 5

Relate the approaches of ancient, traditional and contemporary paint applications.

Question 6

Identify the four different types of printmaking: relief, intaglio, lithography, serigraphy

Question 7

Define printmaking terms

Question 8

Distinguish between traditional and contemporary printmaking processes

Question 9

The use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness.

Answer 9

Hatching

Question 10

The use of overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness.

Answer 10

Cross-hatching

Question 11

How can an artist suggest texture with a pencil?

Answer 11

Varying pressures create light or dark lines. Pressing hard will create darker lines and overlapping straight light lines will add depth.

Question 12

Color pencils are made up of?

Answer 12

Lead, wax, and pigment

Question 12

What are the two types of charcoal?

Answer 12

Vine and compressed charcoal

Question 13

What is the difference between vine and compressed charcoal?

Answer 13

Vine charcoal comes from thin vine branches making it very soft and easy to erase.

Compressed charcoal is charcoal with a binding agent such as wax to make it denser.

Question 14

Historically, when artists used silverpoint for a drawing they did so on wood that was covered with a thin coating of ________.

Answer 14

Bone ash

Question 15

Which material looks and writes like lead, was discovered in the mid-1500s, and became the medium for use in pencils?

Answer 15

Graphite

Question 16

How did artist Martin Ramirez use color pencil to achieve rich color in his work Untitled?

Answer 16

he pressed the waxy shaft of the pencil into the fibers of the paper.

Ramirez pushed the waxy shaft of the colored pencil into the fibers of the paper and sometimes added watercolor.

Question 17

The German artist Käthe Kollwitz used charcoal to express ________ in her self-portrait of 1933, even though she rendered her face and hand in a static, realistic way.

Answer 17

Kollwitz expressed a sense of energy in her 1933 self-portrait.

Question 18

Chalk, pastel, and crayon are created using pigment with a binder. Which of the following is a binder?

a. ceramic
b. steel
c. oil

Answer 18

c. oil

Oil, for example linseed oil, is commonly used as a binder in oil pastels.

Question 19

Robert Rauschenberg created a work titled Erased de Kooning Drawing by erasing a work by the Abstract Expressionist artist Willem de Kooning. How long did it take Rauschenberg to erase the whole drawing?

Answer 19

Nearly a month

Question 20

Why is ink a favorite amongst artists?

Answer 20

Ink has permanence, precision, and strong dark color.

Question 21

Which of these is used to make the bristles for a brush with a bamboo shaft, for example those used by Asian artists?

a. fox hair
b. wolf hair
c. tiger hair
d. panda hair

Answer 21

b. wolf hair

Wolf hair is used for making bamboo brushes.

Question 22

Pen-and-ink drawings employ _____ and ______ to create variations in value.

Answer 22

hatching and cross-hatching

Question 23

The outline that defines a form.

Answer 23

Contour

Question 24

Type of drawing that aims to identify and react to the main visual and expressive characteristics of a form.

Answer 24

Gesture drawing

Question 25

The regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work.

Answer 25

Rhythm

Question 26

What is the main purpose of gesture drawing?

Answer 26

Artists use gesture drawing mainly to capture the energy and dynamics of a particular moment.

Question 27

Drawing type that aims to register the essential qualities of three-dimensional form by rendering an edge of an object.

Answer 27

Contour drawing

Question 28

Why did Egon Schiele use contour drawing in his work Mother and Child?

Answer 28

Schiele used contour drawing to gain an intimate and detailed understanding of the mother’s form and show the way her muscles stretch as she embraces her child.

Question 29

Artists use _______drawing mainly to capture the energy and dynamics of a particular moment.

Answer 29

gesture

Question 30

Wax binding material is called?

Answer 30

encaustic

Question 31

Egg binding material is called?

Answer 31

tempera

Question 32

Technique in which the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster.

Answer 32

Fresco

Question 33

Liquid polymer, or plastic, which is used as a binder for pigment in acrylic paint.

Answer 33

Acrylic

Question 34

Pigment names are often derived from their source. For example the pigment that we call umber is named after ________.

Answer 34

Umber is named for the color of the brown soil of Umbria, Italy

Question 35

Pigment names are often derived from their source. For example the luxurious blue favored for the sky in Renaissance paintings is a blue stone found in Afghanistan named ________.

Answer 35

Lapis Lazuli

Question 36

Images of a warty pig were painted using a pigment solution on cave walls on the island of Sulawesi ________ years ago.

Answer 36

Some of the oldest painted images were made 45,000 years ago in Indonesia.

Question 37

The ancient Greeks and Romans used which binding technique?

Answer 37

Encaustic

Question 38

A relatively semi-transparent paint medium used by the ancient Greeks and Romans?

Answer 38

Encaustic

Question 39

What is the binding agent in encaustic binding technique?

Answer 39

beeswax

Question 40

How is encaustic used in art?

Answer 40

Artists must mix pigments with hot wax and then apply the mixture quickly. It can be used with brushes, palette knives, rags, or by pouring it.

Question 41

Name these brushes

Answer 41

A. Round B. Filbert C. Flat D. Bright E. Fan

Question 42

Explain what each brush is best used for

Answer 42

Round - sketching and thinned paint application, can be rolled in hand for special effects Filbert - applying color; short bristles for more control and softened edges Flat - long, fluid strokes and sharp edges Bright - controlled detailing and applying areas of color Fan - blending slow-drying paint and softening edges

Question 43

Which brush is used for sketching and thinned paint application, can be rolled in hand for special effects

Answer 43

Round brush

Question 44

Which brush is used for applying color; short bristles for more control and softened edges

Answer 44

Filbert

Question 45

Which brush is used for long, fluid strokes and sharp edges

Answer 45

Flat

Question 46

Which brush is used for controlled detailing and applying areas of color

Answer 46

Bright

Question 47

Which brush is used for blending slow-drying paint and softening edges

Answer 47

Fan

Question 48

A tool that can be used by the painter for mixing and applying paint.

Answer 48

Palette knife

Question 49

The Roman-era encaustic portraits from Fayum are excellent examples of Roman painting in wax. What was Fayum?

Answer 49

Fayum was an oasis in Egypt where detailed encaustic paintings were found.

Question 50

Painting technique where artist paints onto freshly applied plaster.

Answer 50

Fresco

Question 51

Where did the Fresco painting technique come originate?

Answer 51

Crete in the Mediterranean around 1600 - 1500 BCE

Question 52

How is Fresco technique applied?

Answer 52

The pigments are mixed with water then applied directly to the lime-plaster surface of the plaster. Plaster absorbs the color and the pigment binds to the lime as it sets.

Question 53

What are the two fresco painting methods?

Answer 53

buon fresco (Italian for "good fresco") fresco secco ("dry fresco")

Question 54

In which of these locations or artifacts can you find fresco painting? a. Chinese silk scrolls b. Buckingham Palace c. the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Answer 54

c. the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Frescoes were painted by the artist Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel.

Question 55

Where have the earliest use of tempera technique found?

Answer 55

Egyptian tombs

Question 56

Tempera dries quickly and is best used with ______ and _____ strokes to create high detail.

Answer 56

short and thin strokes

Question 57

Oil technique is a recent invention as of the Middle Ages which used oil as the binder with _____ oil, a by-product of the flax plant.

Answer 57

linseed

Question 58

Painters like oil paint because its transparency allows the use of thin layers of color called?

Answer 58

glazes

Question 59

Glazes can attain a rich ________, a bright glowing quality, as though lit from within.

Answer 59

luminosity

Question 60

A preliminary layer of paint that is intended to support the final version of the work.

Answer 60

Underpainting

Question 61

A mixture of black, white, and yellow pigments resulting in a grayish or yellowish soft greenish brown. It is used in oil painting and sometimes in frescoes as a base layer to refine the values in the work.

Answer 61

Verdaccio (Italian word for green)

Question 62

Oil paint technique where the paint ist applied in thick layers

Answer 62

Impasto

Question 63

Such artists as Jan van Eyck took advantage of the transparency of oil paint glazes to attain a rich ________, as though their painting was lit from within.

Answer 63

luminosity The transparency of oils can be used to create a luminous effect similar to stained glass.

Question 64

Rosa Bonheur lived at a time when women were not easily accepted into the art profession, but she was educated by her ________, who was also an artist.

Answer 64

father

Question 65

Chinese scholar-painters who created expressive paintings rather than formal academic works.

Answer 65

Literati

Question 66

A type of paint medium in which pigments are bound with gum and a white filled added (for example, clay) to produce a paint that is used for opaque watercolor.

Answer 66

Gouache

Question 67

Watercolor is transparent but an additive such as chalk in gouache makes the paint?

Answer 67

opaque (non transparent)

Question 68

Which painter and watercolorist was the first woman to have her work shown at the Louvre during her lifetime?

Answer 68

Sania Delaunay

Question 69

Latex house paint is made up of ______ and can be cleaned up with ______.

Answer 69

acrylic polymer water

Question 70

The binder used to suspend pigment in acrylic paint is ________.

Answer 70

polymer resin

Question 71

Robert Rauschenberg is one of the best-known artists who worked in mixed media. He called his early experiments in mixing painting and sculpture _________.

Answer 71

combines Rauschenberg called his early experiments in mixed media “combines” because they combine different media.

Question 72

Which painting techniques are used in this work?

Answer 72

"Ophelia" 1851-52 Sir John Everett Millais The work has meticulous detail, vibrant colors, and places emphasis on nature and emotion. Oil paint allows for rich colors and fine detail in the flora and textures. Oil also gives the flexibility to create smooth transitions in the water and Ophelia's skin. Realism and naturalism to make the plants and flowers appear as natural as possible. Layered glazing where multiple layers are built up to create depth and luminosity in the water, the reflection, and Ophelia's skin. This technique gives a glowing delicate portrayal of her pale face. The use of thin, precise brush strokes to convey realistic materials.

Question 73

When an artist produces only one print it is called?

Answer 73

Monoprint

Question 74

What are the four main printing processes?

Answer 74

Relief Intaglio Lithography Serigraphy

Question 75

Each printing process involves a different _______, or physical surface that holds the original image from which the print was derived.

Answer 75

matrix

Question 76

Printing process where an artist cuts/carves into a workable surface such as wood/linoleum to create an image then the printmaker will roll ink onto the raised surface and press the raised surface onto paper, creating an impression.

Answer 76

Relief printing

Question 77

Printing process that requires artist/printmaker to cut/scrape (in many different ways) into a metal plate. Ink is applied then wiped off and the ink left in in the cuts/scrapes of the plate.

Answer 77

Intaglio printing

Question 78

Print process where the inked image is lower than the surface of the printing plate. Italian for "cut into"

Answer 78

Intaglio printing

Question 79

Print process executed on a flat, unmarred surface, like a stone, in which the image is created using oil-based ink with resistance to water.

Answer 79

Lithography

Question 80

Print process that creates a solid stencil in a porous screen and forces ink through the screen onto the printing surface.

Answer 80

Serigraphy

Question 81

Relief printing creates images on paper or similar material known as?

Answer 81

Impression

Question 82

Printing process where the image is drawn with an oily crayon onto a special kind of limestone; the non-image areas of the stone absorbs a little water so that when the printmaker applies oil-based ink to the whole stone, the ink will only remain on the image area.

Answer 82

Lithography

Question 83

Printing process where non-image areas are physically blocked out so that ink passes through the screen only where required.

Answer 83

Serigraphy (silkscreen printing)

Question 84

Printing with inks was first practiced in which country in the third century CE?

Answer 84

Printing with inks was first practiced in China in the 8th century CE.

Question 85

Where was paper itself invented?

Answer 85

China in the second or first century BCE.

Question 86

Printed scrolls containing Buddhist scriptures or prayers are called?

Answer 86

Sutras

Question 87

What printmaking process is depicted?

Answer 87

Relief printmaking

Question 88

To create a color woodblock print, and artist must?

Answer 88

The artist must produce a separate relief block for every color.

Question 89

This artist is regarded as one of the greatest Japanese printmakers, making images of figures, theaters, and brothels in a style known as ukiyo-e printmaking.

Answer 89

Kitagawa Utamaro

Question 90

This printmaking style translates to "pictures of the floating world".

Answer 90

ukiyo-e printmaking

Question 91

In this color woodblock print, how many woodblocks were needed to produce this print?

Answer 91

Utamaro uses at least three colors to create "Lovers in an Upstairs Room". Black Green Red ocher (shade of red-brown)

Question 92

Printmaking similar to woodblock method but is done by carving into the surface of a material the printing the raised surface left behind known as linocuts.

Answer 92

Linoleum printmaking

Question 93

The German artist Albrecht Dürer created “The Four Horsemen” using which relief printmaking method? a. woodcut b. linocut c. etching d. engraving

Answer 93

a. woodcut Dürer used woodcut to create “The Four Horsemen.”

Question 94

When creating a multi-color print, aligning the blocks or plates to ensure that the colors will appear in the correct location is called ________.

Answer 94

Registration is the process of aligning each color printing on the next.

Question 95

Why do many contemporary printmakers prefer linocut to woodblock printing?

Answer 95

because it is softer than wood and does not show the grain.

Question 96

What type of printmaking is depicted?

Answer 96

Intaglio printmaking