chapter 02

Question 1

Spandrels

Answer 1

incidental by-products of evolution (e.g., the human belly button).

Question 2

Homologous Structures

Answer 2

common evolutionary origin

Question 3

Analogous Structures

Answer 3

different evolutionary origin (convergent evolution)

Question 4

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 4

certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type; a person’s phenotype is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

the genetic makeup of an organism; it describes an organism’s complete set of genes (may or may not be observable)

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes; the sex cells, or egg and sperm

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

Question 9

Ontogeny

Answer 9

the process of individual development from a single cell, an egg cell or a zygote, to an adult organism