Chapter 09: Kinship

Question 1

altruism

Answer 1

a behavior of an individual that reduces their fitness in order to increase the fitness of another

Question 2

helping behavior

Answer 2

young adults for go breeeding to help parents raise next brood

Question 3

kinship slection theory

Answer 3

Hamilton

Question 4

fitness

Answer 4

amount of genetic info you contribute to the next generation

Question 5

direct fitness

Answer 5

measured by the number of viable offspring produced by an individual and his direct decendants

Question 6

indirect fitness

Answer 6

measured by the reproductive success of an individual’s genetic relatives

Question 7

inclusive fitness

Answer 7

direct and indirect fitness

Question 8

the closer the _________, the more likely the individual should _________

Answer 8

genetic realtive, help them

Question 9

relatedness

Answer 9

the probability that individuals share copies of alleles they have inherited form common ancestors

Question 10

_____ moms dna ____ dads dna

Answer 10

50% 50%

Question 11

cooperative breeding “ helping behavior”

Answer 11

mature offspring temporarily forgo breeding to help parents raise next brood

Question 12

eusociality has what 3 things

Answer 12

1. cooperative brood care
2. overlapping generations within a colony of adults
3. division of labor

Question 13

parent offspring conflict

Answer 13

parents pass on as many genes as possible, offspring try to get as much care out of their parents

Question 14

sibling rivalry

Answer 14

more related you are to siblings, the more you should try to help them

Question 15

siblicide

Answer 15

one sibling killing the other

Question 16

what are the benefits of siblicide?

Answer 16

• reduces competition for larger offspring
• reduces time and energy

Question 17

insurance hypothesis

Answer 17

having more than one young increases chances at least one will survive

Question 18

kin recogniton

Answer 18

animals must have a way to recognize close relatives

Question 19

what are the two types of kin recognition?

Answer 19

1. template matching models
2. rule of thumb models

Question 20

1. template matching models

Answer 20

• suggest individuals have an internal template of what their kin look/ smell like etc.
• can be an innate or learned template

Question 21

dichotomous

Answer 21

kin or not kin

Question 22

more specific a

Answer 22

parent, full sibling, nephew cousin etc

Question 23

rule of thumb models

Answer 23

• using rules to distinguish between kin
• rules include: living in next/ cave etc then you treat it like your own

Question 24

what is a con of rule of thumb models?

Answer 24

more easily exploited by cheaters

Question 25

Altruistic suicide

Answer 25

Sacrifice of one’s life in order to save or benefit others for the good of the group

Question 26

Coefficient of relatedness

Answer 26

Probability that a gene in one individual is identical by decent

Question 27

Dynasties

Answer 27

One genetic lineage will continuously Occupy the same area over many successive generations

Question 28

Haplodiploid

Answer 28

Diploid females haploid males

Question 29

Hamilton’s rule

Answer 29

An individuals decision to help other individuals fitness is a function of how closely related the helper and the and the other individual are