Chapter 01

Question 1

the coordinated responses of whole living organisms to internal and external stimuli

Answer 1

behavior

Question 2

the study of relationships between organisms and their environment and how they interact

Answer 2

ecology

Question 3

the study of behavior and its causes

Answer 3

ethology

Question 4

the study of the behavior and mental processes of animals in order to understand human behavior

Answer 4

Comparative psychology

Question 5

passed from parent to offspring via genes

Answer 5

heritable traits

Question 6

measurement of genetic variation of a particular trait within a population

Answer 6

heritability

Question 7

behaviors that are passed from one generation to the next
Ex. crows using cars to open their nuts

Answer 7

cultural transmission

Question 8

what does behavioral ecology focus on?

Answer 8

the study of relationships that benefit fitness

Question 9

how is behavioral ecology an integrative field?

Answer 9

It is integrative because it is using both psychological and genetic factors to explain evolution and animal behavior

Question 10

what are the benefits of studying animal behavior?

Answer 10

learning how to hunt animals, learn more about ourselves, rid pests and control disease, learn how to care for animals, conserve species, and scientific curiosity

Question 11

what are the 4 types of animal behavior questions?

Answer 11

1. mecanistic or causation
2. developmental
3. survival value or funciton
4. evolutionary/ phylogenetic

Question 12

What specific process causes this behavior? (proximate)

Answer 12

Mechanistic or causation

Question 13

How does the behavior change over time as the animal develops? (proximate)

Answer 13

Developmental

Question 14

What is the survival benefit to that behavior? (ultimate)

Answer 14

Survival value or function

Question 15

How did the behavior evolve? (ultimate)

Answer 15

evolutionary/ phylogenetic

Question 16

understanding IMMEDIATE cause of behavior (up close)

Answer 16

proximate questions

Question 17

understanding EVOLUTIONARY forces that make up the behavior (zoomed out picture)

Answer 17

ultimate questions

Question 18

genetic/ instinctual behaviors

Answer 18

innate

Question 19

passed from parent to offspring

Answer 19

heritable traits

Question 20

born with that knowledge

Answer 20

inflexible

Question 21

modified over an individual’s life based on experiences

Answer 21

learned

Question 22

what are the pros to learned behaviors?

Answer 22

good for dynamic environments, able to evolve over time though learned behaviors

Question 23

what are the cons to learned behaviors?

Answer 23

could learn the wrong behavior, requires time to learn

Question 24

what is heritability?

Answer 24

measurement of genetic variation of a trait in a population

Question 25

what is the difference in high vs low heritability?

Answer 25

High - trait controlled by genes Low - trait influenced by environment

Question 26

short quick behavior

Answer 26

event

Question 27

long lasting behavior

Answer 27

state

Question 28

a catalog of all behaviors observed for a species Measures frequency/ duration of behaviors

Answer 28

ethogram

Question 29

what are the 4 methods to sampling behavior?

Answer 29

1. ad libitum 2. focal animal sampling 3. behavioral samplin g 4. instantaneous scan sampling

Question 30

1. Ad libitum

Answer 30

Informal Record as much info as possible Used for planning

Question 31

2. Focal animal sampling

Answer 31

Time length of sample Unbiased Specific behaviors recorded

Question 32

3. Behavioral sampling

Answer 32

1 behavior Rate of occurrence Only for obvious behaviors

Question 33

4. Instantaneous scan sampling

Answer 33

Pre-selected moments State behaviors sampled Observes all member of a group

Question 34

what are disadvantages of using ad lib sampling?

Answer 34

you may not catch every detail of the behaviors

Question 35

what is anthropomorphism?

Answer 35

giving human qualities to animals, or explaining animal behavior in terms of human like thinking and reasoning

Question 36

what are examples of anthropomorphism?

Answer 36

Ex. assuming a bee stung you bc it was mad Ex. assuming a cuckoo is lazy bc it left its eggs in the nests of other species