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CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Personality (54 cards)

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1
Q

What is personality?

A

Relatively permanent traits and unique charactericts that give both consistency to a person’s behavior

Traits + characteristics = behavior

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2
Q

What is origin name of personality?

A

Persona means theatrical mask worn by roman actors in greek dramas

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3
Q

Difference of traits and characteristics

A

Traits - enduring dispositions in any given circumstances, it changes a person.
Characteristics - unique qualities like temperaments, physique and intelligence

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4
Q

What is theory?

A

A set of assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to make hypothesis.

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5
Q

What is theory?

A

A set of assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to make hypothesis.

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6
Q

Explain the theory into 4 components

A
  1. It cannot fill all the requirement of a theory
  2. It neither generate a hypothesis
  3. Components are not proven facts in the sense of validity
  4. A logical deductive reasoning makes hypothesis
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7
Q

What is philosophy?

A

It is a love of wisdom

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8
Q

Differentiate philosophers from scientists

A

Philosophers rely on the wisdom from the natural experiences.
Scientist uses research and hypothesis based.

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9
Q

What is epistemology?

A

nature of knowledge

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10
Q

Do theories deals with “oughts and shoulds?”

A

Nope, only philosophy

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11
Q

What is the relationship of science and theory?

A

Science is a branch of knowledge concerned with observation and classification of data. Theory is a tool used to give meaning and organize the observations

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12
Q

What are the two essential cornerstones of theory building?

A
  1. Speculation

2. Empirical Observation

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13
Q

What is hypothesis?

A

Educated guess or statement

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14
Q

Deductive reasoning versus Inductive reasoning

A

Deductive means general

Inductive means simple

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15
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

It is a classification of things based on natural relationships

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16
Q

What are the five major theoretrical perspective?

A
  1. Psychodynamic theories
  2. Humanistic - existentialist theories
  3. Traits - dispositional theories
  4. Biological - Evolutionary theories
  5. Learning (social) cognitive theories
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17
Q

Give the 7 famous theorists of psychodynamics

A 
Freud
Adler
Jung
Klein
Fromm
Horney
Erikson
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18
Q

Give the 2 famous theoriests of Humanistic

A

Maslow

Rogers

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19
Q

Give the 1 famous theoriest of Existential

A

May

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20
Q

Give the 3 famous theoriests of Dispositional

A

Allport and McCrae and Costa

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21
Q

Give the 2 famous theoriests of Biological - Evolutionary

A

Eysenk and Buss

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22
Q

Give the 5 famous theoriests of LSC

Study These Flashcards
A

Skinner, Bandura, Rotter, Mischel and Kelly

23
Q

Who is known for his unconscious mind?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sigmund Freud

24
Q

Who is known for his early collections?

25
Who is known for his collective collections?
Jung
26
Who is known for his archetypes?
Klein
27
Who is known for his object-relations?
Horney
28
Who is known for his identity crisis?
Erikson
29
Who is known for his relatedness?
Fromm
30
Who is known for his meaningful life, psychological well-being and growth?
Maslow | Rogers
31
Who is known for his search for meaning?
May
32
Who is known for his traits and motives?
Allport
33
Who is known for five trait personality?
McCrae and Costa
34
Who is known for his brain structures, neurochemical and genes?
Eysenck
35
Who is known for his adaptive mechanism?
Buss
36
Who is known for his conditioned responses and observational learning?
Skinner
37
Who is known for his modeling and self-efficacy?
Bandura
38
Who is known for his cognitive-affective units?
Rotter and Mischel
39
What are the three quantitative side of theories in psychology?
Behaviorists, Social learning Theorists, Trait theorists
40
What are the three qualitative side of theories in psychology?
Psychodynamic, humanists and existentialists
41
What are the six criteria for a useful theory?
1. generates research 2. falsifiable 3. organizes data 4. guides action 5. internally consistent 6. parsimonous
42
What are the two kinds of research?
Descriptive research and hypothesis testing
43
Explain descriptive research and hypothesis testing
descriptive research expands the research and provide building blocks. hypothesis indirect verification of the hypothesiss
44
Explain why useful theory generates research
It can be a source of a new research
45
Explain why useful theory is falsifiable
It confirmed or disconfirmed. | It must be precise enough to support or fail the major tenents.
46
Explain why useful theory organizes data
It removed incompatible data | Give meaning to data
47
Explain why useful theory guides action
It help the research to solve day to day problem. | If-then statement
48
Explain why useful theory is internally consistent
Terms are operationally defined
49
Explain why useful theory is parsimonous
The law of parsimony states that if two theories are the same, used the theory that is simpler.
50
What are the six dimensions for a concept of humanity? | Explain each.
1. Determinism vs. Free Choice 2. Optimism vs. Pessism 3. Causality vs. Teololgy 4. Unconscious vs. Conscious mind 5. biological vs. social influences 6. uniqueness vs. similarities
51
Reliability vs. Validity
Reliability used measuring instruments with consistent result Validity used to measure what is it supposed to measure
52
What are the two types of Validity? | Explain each.
Construct validity and predictive validity Construct validity measures behavior using the hypothetical construct Predictive validity measures future behaviors
53
Differentiate the three types of construct validity
Convergent, Divergent and Discriminant Validity 1. Convergent Validity - High correlation is expected that measures the same construct 2. Divergent - Low scores on the inventories that do not measure that construct 3. Discriminant - discriminate the 2 groups that is different from each other
54
What is causality and Teleology?
Causality means past experience | Teology means future goals

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY (5 decks)

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