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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The _____, the interconnected network of computer networks that spans the globe,

A

Internet

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2
Q

Internet began for what purpose?

A

research and universities

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3
Q

first network was created by?

A

ARPA - Advanced research project agency

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4
Q

first network was called as?

A

ARPAnet

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5
Q

why did people start using internet later on?

A

ecommerce usage was allowed, affordable pc, easy access, graphical computers

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6
Q

Father of WWW?

A

Tim Berners-Lee

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7
Q

what did Tim Berners-Lee create?

A

easily “hyperlink” to another research paper or article and immediately view it. He used HTTP protocol and used HTML for creating web pages (text based)

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8
Q

_____is the first graphical web browser

A

Mosaic

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9
Q

second browser?

A

Netscape Navigator

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10
Q

Netscape Navigator is ancestor of which company?

A

Mozilla

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11
Q

Internet infrastructure standards are overseen by groups, such as the ___ and ____

A

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

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12
Q

The ____ is the principal body engaged in the development of new Internet protocol standard specifications

A

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

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13
Q

_____’s main function is to coordinate the assignment of Internet domain names, IP address numbers, protocol parameters, and protocol port numbers.

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names (ICANN)

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14
Q

An ____ is a private network that is contained within an organization or business. Its purpose is to share organizational information and resources among coworkers.

A

intranet

Example - Banks network

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15
Q

An ___ is a private network that securely shares part of an organization’s information or operations with external partners such as suppliers, vendors, and customers.

A

extranet

Example - ATMs of Bank

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16
Q

__ and __ are important issues in extranet use.

A

Privacy and security

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17
Q

what technologies are used to provide privacy and security for an extranet?

A

Digital certificates, encryption of messages, and virtual private networks (VPNs) are some technologies used to provide privacy and security for an extranet

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18
Q

_____ takes a proactive role in developing recommendations and prototype technologies related to the Web.

A

World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)

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19
Q

Following the ____ is the first step toward creating a website that is accessible.

A

W3C Recommendations

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20
Q

____, is a major area of work by the W3C.

A

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)

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21
Q

why make web accessible

A

Since the Web has become an integral part of daily life, there is a need for all individuals to be able to access it. The Web can present barriers to individuals with visual, auditory, physical, and neurological disabilities. An accessible website provides accommodations that help individuals overcome these barriers.

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22
Q

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is a federal civil rights law that prohibits _____. The ADA requires that business, federal, and state services are accessible to individuals with disabilities.

A

discrimination against people with disabilities.

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23
Q

______ is a “strategy for making products, environments, operational systems, and services welcoming and usable to the most diverse range of people possible”

A

Universal design

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24
Q

Provide examples of how you can make your site more accessible.

A

text descriptions for the images
a text navigation area at the bottom of the page
alternative text for images
headings used in an organized manner
captions or transcriptions for multimedia features,

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25
____ may be more thoroughly indexed by search engines, which can be helpful in bringing new visitors to a site
accessible websites
26
Any text or graphic on a website is automatically _____ in the United States, regardless of whether a copyright symbol appears on the site or not.
copyrighted
27
The ____ is dedicated to protecting intellectual property rights internationally.
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
28
____ is a nonprofit organization that provides free services that allow authors and artists to register a type of a copyright license called a Creative Commons license.
Creative Commons
29
Describe the difference between the Internet and the Web
The Internet is infrastructure while the Web is service on top of that infrastructure. Alternatively, the Internet can be viewed as a big book-store while the Web can be viewed as collection of books on that store. At a high level, we can even think of the Internet as hardware and the Web as software! The Internet is a public, globally connected network of computer networks. The Web is a graphical user interface to information stored on computers running web servers connected to the Internet. The Web is a subset of the Internet.
30
Explain three events that contributed to the commercialization and exponential growth of the Internet.
The commercialization and exponential growth of the Internet that began in the early 1990s was due largely to a convergence of technologies, including the development of personal computers with graphical operating systems, widespread availability of Internet connection services, the removal of the restriction of commercial use on NSFnet, the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, and the development of a graphical browser (called Mosaic) at the NCSA. These events combined to provide the commercial incentive and an easy way to share and access information in a manner that had never been experienced.
31
Is the concept of universal design important to web developers? Explain your answer.
Universal design is a very important concept for web developers because the websites that they create should be usable by all people. Not only is this the right thing to do, but in developing websites for the government or for educational institutions, access to technology (including websites) is mandated by law.
32
A ___ consists of two or more computers connected for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources
network
33
The ____ are the computer workstations used by individuals, such as a personal computer (PC) on a desk.
clients
34
The ____ receives requests from client computers for resources such as files. Computers used as servers are usually kept in a protected, secure area and are accessed only by network administrators.
server
35
A ___ is usually confined to a single building or group of connected buildings.
local area network (LAN)
36
A ____ is geographically dispersed and usually uses some form of public or commercial communications network.
wide area network (WAN)
37
A ____ is a high-capacity communication link that carries data gathered from smaller links that interconnect with it. On the Internet, a backbone is a set of paths that local or regional networks connect to for long-distance interconnection
backbone
38
Describe client server model
“Client/server” can also describe a relationship between two computer programs—the client and the server. The client requests some type of service (such as a file or database access) from the server. The server fulfills the request and transmits the results to the client over a network. While both the client and the server programs can reside on the same computer, typically they run on different computers
39
____ are rules that allow multimedia documents to be exchanged among many different computer systems.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
40
. MIME provides for the exchange of ___ different media types on the Internet
seven audio, video, image, application, message, multipart, and text. A web server determines the MIME type of a file before the file is transmitted to the web browser. The MIME type is sent along with the document. The web browser uses the MIME type to determine how to display the document.
41
How does information get transferred from the web server to the web browser?
through the use of communication protocols such as HTTP, TCP, and IP
42
___ are rules that describe how clients and servers communicate with each other over a network.
Protocols
43
___ is a set of rules that allow files to be exchanged between computers on the Internet.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
44
name email protocols
When you send e-mail to others, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used. When you receive e-mail, Post Office Protocol (POP; currently POP3) and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) can be used.
45
____ is a set of rules for exchanging files such as text, images, audio, video, and other multimedia on the Web.
HTTP
46
____combines HTTP with a security and encryption protocol. Using it provides a more secure transaction because the information passed between the browser and the web server is encrypted.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
47
Purpose of TCP
The purpose of TCP is to ensure the integrity of network communication. TCP starts by breaking files and messages into individual units called packets. These packets contain information such as the destination, source, sequence number, and checksum values used to verify the integrity of the data.
48
what does IP do?
IP is a set of rules that controls how data is sent between devices on the Internet. IP routes a packet to the correct destination address. Once sent, the packet gets successively forwarded to the next closest router (a hardware device designed to move network traffic) until it reaches its destination.
49
IPV4
These addresses consist of a set of four groups of numbers called octets. The current version of IP, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), uses 32-bit (binary digit) addressing.
50
IPV6
IP address is lengthened from 32 bits to 128 bits
51
The IP address of a device may correspond to a ___
domain name.
52
____ associates these IP addresses with the text-based URLs and domain names you type into a web browser address box.
The Domain Name System (DNS)
53
What is HTTP/2?
HTTP/2 is the first major update to HTTP,s websites have become more image and media intensive, the number of requests needed to display a web page and its related files have increased. A major benefit of HTTP/2 will be quicker loading of web pages by processing multiple concurrent HTTP requests.
54
A ___ identifies a resource on the Internet.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
55
A ___ is a type of URI which represents the network location of a resource such as a web page, a graphic file, or an MP3 file.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
56
The URL consists of the ______ , ____ and __
protocol, the domain name, and the hierarchical location of the file on the web server.
57
A ___ locates an organization or other entity on the Internet.
domain name
58
Let’s consider the domain name www.google.com. The portion “google.com” is the ___ that is registered to Google.
domain name
59
The “.com” is the___.
top-level domain name
60
The “google” is considered a ___ name.
second-level domain
61
The “____” is the name of the web sever (sometimes called the host) at the google.com domain.
www
62
A ___ can be configured to house a separate website located at the same domain.
subdomain
63
The combination of a host/subdomain, second-level domain, and top-level domain name (such as www.google.com or mail.google.com) is called a _____.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
64
____ consist of sets of directions that tell the browser software (and other user agents such as mobile phones) how to display and manage a web document.
Markup languages
65
___ is a standard for specifying a markup language or tag set.
SGML
66
___ in itself is not a document language, but a description of how to specify one and create a document type definition (DTD).
SGML
67
___ is the set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a web browser.
HTML
68
The ___ sets the standards for HTML.
W3C
69
___ was developed by the W3C as a flexible method to create common information formats and share the format and the information on the Web.
XML
70
___ uses the tags and attributes of HTML4 along with the more rigorous syntax of XML.
XHTML
71
__ is the successor to HTML4 and replaces XHTML
HTML5
72
Describe the components of the client/server model as applied to the Internet.
An example of a web client is a computer running a browser software application such as Internet Explorer. Typically, the computer is connected to the Internet only when needed. The web browser software uses HTTP to request web pages and related resources from a web server. A web server is a computer that is continually connected to the Internet and that runs some type of web server software application. It uses the HTTP protocol to receive requests for web pages and related resources. It responds to these requests and sends the resources.
73
Identify two protocols used on the Internet to convey information that use the Internet, but do not use the Web.
E-mail messages are transmitted via the Internet. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to send e-mail messages. POP (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) can be used to receive e-mail messages. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) can be used to exchange (send and receive) files with a computer connected to the Internet.
74
Explain the similarities and differences between a URL and a domain name.
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) represents the address of a resource that is available on the Internet. A URL consists of a protocol, a domain name, and the hierarchical location of the file or resource. An example of a URL is http://www.webdevfoundations.net/9e/chapter1.html. A domain name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet and is associated with a unique numeric IP address. A domain name is part of a URL. An example of a domain name is webdevfoundations.net.
75
A ___ is a journal that is available on the Web; it is a frequently updated page with a chronological list of ideas and links.
blog
76
A __ is a website that can be updated immediately at any time by visitors, using a simple form on a web page.
wiki
77
Blogs and wikis provide web visitors with new methods for interacting with websites and other people—a use referred to as ___
social networking.
78
Twitter is a social networking site for ___, or frequently communicating with a brief message (280 characters or less) called a tweet
microblogging
79
What is cloud computing?
on-demand use of software and other computing resources hosted at a remote data center (including servers, storage, services, and applications) over the Internet.
80
____is used to create newsfeeds from blog postings and other websites. it feeds contain a summary of new items posted to the site.
Really Simple Syndication, or Rich Site Summary (RSS)
81
___ are audio files on the web that take the format of an audio blog
Podcasts

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