chapter 1

Question 1

what is the seven step process of accessing the EMS system?

Answer 1

patient
a citizen calls 911
Emergency medical dispatcher
Emergency medical responders
EMTs
Emergency departments staff
Allied health staff

Question 2

when did the development of modern EMS system begin?

Answer 2

1960’s

Question 3

when did the national highway safety act charge the US Department of transport with developing EMS standards and assisting the states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care?

Answer 3

1966

Question 4

when was the NREMT founded?

Answer 4

1970

Question 5

T or F. in 1973 the National Emergency Medical System Services Act was passed

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Regulation and policy

Answer 6

each state EMS system must have in place enabling legislation (laws that allow the system to exist), a lead EMS agency, a funding mechanism, regulations, policies and procedures

Question 7

Resource management

Answer 7

there must be centralized coordination of resources so that all victims of trauma or medical emergencies have equal access to basic emergency care and transport by certified personnel and a licensed and equipped ambulance to an appropriate facility

Question 8

Human resources and training

Answer 8

at a minimum all those transporting prehospital personnel should be trained to the EMT level using national EMS education standards there are taught by qualified instructors

Question 9

Transportation

Answer 9

safe reliable ambulance transportation is a critical component. most patients can be effectively transported by ground ambulances. other patients require rapid transportation or transportation from remote areas by helicopter or airplane

Question 10

Facilities

Answer 10

The seriously ill or injured patient must be delivered in a timely manner to the closest appropriate facility

Question 11

Communications

Answer 11

There must be an effective communication system that encompasses the universal system access number ( 911) and dispatch to ambulance, ambulance to ambulance, ambulance to hospital,l and hospital to hospital communications

Question 12

Public information and education

Answer 12

EMS personnel may participate in efforts to educate the public about their role in the system, their ability to access the system, and prevention of injuries

Question 13

Medical direction

Answer 13

each EMS system must have a physician as a medical director who is accountable for the activities of EMS personnel within that system. the medical director must be involved in all aspects of the patient care system including protocol development training and quality improvement

Question 14

Trauma systems

Answer 14

in each state enabling legislation must exist to develop a trauma system including one or more trauma centers, triage and transfer guidelines for trauma patients, rehabilitation programs, data collection, mandatory autopsies, and means for managing and ensuring the quality of the system.

Question 15

Evaluation.

Answer 15

each state must have a program for evaluating and improving the effectiveness effectiveness of the EMS system, Known as a quality improvement (QI) program, a quality assurance (QA) program, or total quality management (TQM).

Question 16

When does care begin from the patients view?

Answer 16

For the patient care begins with the initial phone call to the EMD

Question 17

what is a specialty hospital and what does it do?

Answer 17

One specialty hospital is the trauma center. in a trauma center surgery teams capable of comprehensive treatment of trauma patients are available 24 hours a day

Question 18

4 different kinds of specialized centers/hospitals

Answer 18

Burn centers, pediatric centers, cardiac centers, and stroke centers

Question 19

Who are the many others that make up the hospital portion of the EMS system? (important)

Answer 19

they include physicians, nurses, physicians assistants, respiratory and physical therapists, technicians, aides and others

Question 20

What are the four general levels of EMS training and certification?

Answer 20

Emergency medical responder (EMR), emergency medical condition technician (EMT), advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT), paramedic

Question 21

Critical decision making

Answer 21

• Gather information from scene, patient assessment, and other sources.
• Synthesize (interpret) information to make decisions regarding treatment and transport options.

Question 22

What are 8 roles and responsibilities for an EMT? (Important)

Answer 22

Personal safety
Safety of crew, patient, and bystanders
Working with other public safety professionals
Patient assessment and care
Lifting and moving
Transport
Transfer of care
Patient advocacy

Question 23

What always comes before emergency care?

Answer 23

assessment

Question 24

What are 4 good physical traits for EMT?

Important

Answer 24

Ability to lift and carry equipment and patients up to 125 pounds
Good eyesight (distance and reading)
Awareness of any problems with color vision
Good communication skills (oral and written)

Question 25

what are 13 personality and character traits for a good EMT? (Important)

Answer 25

``` Pleasant Sincere Cooperative Resourceful Self-starter Emotionally stable Able to lead Neat and clean Of good moral character and respectful of others In control of personal habits Controlled in conversation and able to communicate properly Able to listen to others Nonjudgmental and fair ```

Question 26

How to maintain up to date skills (Important)

Answer 26

Refresher courses Continuing education courses Conferences, seminars, and lectures

Question 27

Where Will You Become a Provider?

Answer 27

``` Ambulance services Fire departments Rural/wilderness teams Urban/industrial settings Volunteering ```

Question 28

National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians

Answer 28

Registration for EMRs, EMTs, AEMTs, and paramedics who successfully complete NREMT examinations May help in reciprocity (transferring to another state or region) Beneficial when applying for employment

Question 29

There are several ways you can work towards quality care these include

Answer 29

carefully preparing written documentation, becoming involved in the Qi process, obtaining feedback from patients and the hospital staff, maintaining your equipment, continuing your education

Question 30

All patient care performed under direction of Medical Director: (5 things)

Answer 30

``` Ultimate responsibility for patient care Oversees training Develops treatment protocols Issues off-line medical direction (standing orders) Provides on-line medical direction ```

Question 31

what reverses affects of opioids?

Answer 31

Naloxone

Question 32

Definition of public health

Answer 32

the system by which the medical community overseas the basic health of a population

Question 33

EMS Role in public health (4 things)

Answer 33

Injury prevention for geriatric patients Injury prevention for youth Public vaccination programs Disease surveillance

Question 34

Two ways research affects EMS

Answer 34

Focus on improving patient outcomes | Through evidence-based techniques

Question 35

Evidence-based process (4 steps)

Answer 35

Forming a hypothesis Reviewing literature Evaluating the evidence Adopting the practice if evidence supports it

Question 36

why does the Dynamic nature of treatment make research difficult? (2 things)

Answer 36

Not all research is created equal. | Embrace best practices of conducting and evaluating research

Question 37

Rely on the scientific method which is... | 2 steps

Answer 37

General observations turned into hypothesis | Predictions tested to prove or disprove hypothesis

Question 38

``` what are the types of medical research Peer-reviewed research in medical journals Articles in E M S magazines Not original research Not peer reviewed ```

Answer 38

- Peer-reviewed research in medical journals - Articles in EMS magazines - Not original research - Not peer reviewed

Question 39

T or F The Americans with Disabilities Act (A D A) has set strict guidelines preserving the rights of Americans with disabilities.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

what is included in The EMS system? (8)

Answer 40

911 or another emergency access system, dispatchers, E M Ts, hospital emergency department, physicians, nurses, physician's assistants, and other health professionals

Question 41

REMEMBER

Answer 41

- E M S dates back to Napoleonic times. | - Modern E M S standards come from 1960s–1970s and National Emergency Medical Service Systems Act (N E M S S A).

Question 42

REMEMBER (four levels of EMS providers

Answer 42

Emergency Medical Responder, Emergency Medical Technician, | Advanced EMT, Paramedic

Question 43

Requesting orders from a physician by radio is an example of what kind of medical control?

Answer 43

on-line

Question 44

What innovation was introduced in the Korean and Vietnam wars that is now common in many E M S systems?

Answer 44

Specialized emergency medical centers devoted to the treatment of trauma

Question 45

techniques or practices that are supported by scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy, rather than merely on supposition and tradition.

Answer 45

evidence-based techniques

Question 46

a physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system.

Answer 46

Medical Director

Question 47

Medical Direction:

Answer 47

oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director. Direction can be either off-line or on-line.

Question 48

standing orders

Answer 48

a policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.