Chapter 6 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
two ways to help locate organs and structures of body
A
visualizing and external landmarks
2
Q
thyroid cartilage
A
Adam’s apple
3
Q
Musculoskeletal
A
Bones
joints
muscles
4
Q
Skeleton does what?
A
supports, protects, forms blood cells, stores minerals. muscles produce movement.
5
Q
Respiratory
A
nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs
6
Q
Cardiovascular
A
Heart
arteries
veins
7
Q
what does respiratory do?
A
obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from body
8
Q
what does cardiovascular do?
A
pumps blood thru body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes
9
Q
Blood
A
Plasma
red/white blood cells
Platelets
10
Q
What does blood do?
A
transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and promotes clotting to control bleeding.
11
Q
Lymphatic
A
Tonsils/adenoids thymus glad spleen lymph nodes lymphatic vessels
12
Q
what does lymphatic do?
A
helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body immune system
13
Q
Nervous
A
Brain
spinal chord
nerves
14
Q
What does nervous do?
A
receives sensory info and coordinates the body response
15
Q
Digestive
A
Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus stomach small/large intestine (
16
Q
what does digestive do?
A
Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
17
Q
Integumentary
A
Skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
18
Q
What does integumentary do?
A
forms protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation
19
Q
Endocrine
A
Pituitary gland pineal gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands thymus gland adrenal glands Pancreas testes ovaries
20
Q
What does endocrine do?
A
Regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of the body
21
Q
Renal/urinary
A
Kidneys
ureters
Urinary bladder
urethra
22
Q
what does renal/urinary do?
A
Filters waste out of the body and removes them from blood
23
Q
Male reproductive
A
testes Epididymis vas deferens Penis Seminal vesicles prostate gland
24
Q
what does male reproductive do?
A
produces sperm for reproduction
25
Female reproductive
```
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
Uterus
vagina
vulva
breasts
```
26
What does female reproductive do?
Produces eggs for reproduction and provides an environments and nutrients for the growing baby
27
human skeleton is divided into two divisions:
Appendicular and axial
28
Appendicular includes
```
Pectoral girdle
arm
pelvic girdle
hand
leg
```
29
axial includes
skull
ribcage
vertebral column
30
what 3 things interact with the skeletal system?
Muscles
ligaments (connect to the bone)
tendons (connect muscle to bone)
31
What are the 3 main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
to give the body shape to protect vital internal organs
| to provide for body movement
32
What does marrow inside the bone do?
produces blood cells and stores certain nutrients
33
Cranium
Consists of top, back and sides of skull
34
mandible
lower jaw
35
Maxillae
fused bones of the upper jaw
36
nasal bones
provide some of the structure of the nose
37
the bones of the anterior cranium connect to facial bones such as: (three)
mandible
maxillae
nasal bones
38
orbits
bone that surrounds the eye
39
Zygomatic arches
forms structure of cheeks
40
spinal column houses what?
spinal chord
41
how many vertebrae are in the spine?
33
42
what are the 5 divisions of the spine?
```
Cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccyx
```
43
Cervical
neck (7 vertebrae)
44
Thoracic
Thorax, ribs, upper back (12 vertebrae)
45
Lumbar
Lower back (5 vertebrae)
46
Sacral
back wall of pelvis (5 vertebrae)
47
coccyx
tailbone (4 vertebrae)
48
What does the spinal cord in the cervical region control?
muscles of breathing, (diaphragm and muscle between ribs)
49
Thorax
the chest
50
thoracic cavity (attaches to the twelve thoracic vertebrae in the spine)
contains heart, lungs and major blood vessels. it protects
51
10 pairs of ribs in the thoracic region are attached to the sternum (breastbone) and 2 are called_____
floating ribs
52
this flat bone (sternum) is divided into 3 sections called what?
manubrium (superior portion), the body (central portion), and the diploid process (inferior tip)
53
Pelvis (referred to as the hip but thats not accurate)
a basin-shaped structure that supports the spinal column and protects the abdominal organs
54
hip
joint where the femur joins the pelvis
55
Ilium (part of pelvis)
superior bone that contains iliac crest. the superior and widest part of the pelvis.
56
ischium (part of pelvis)
the inferior (lower), posterior portion of the pelvis
57
Pubis (part of pelvis)
formed by the joining of the bones of the anterior pubis. the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
58
What does the hip joint consist of?
acetabulum (the socket of the hip joint) and the ball at the proximal (closer to center) end of femur
59
Pelvis and hip joint are considered what part of the extremities?
lower
60
femur
large thigh bone (largest long bone, slight bend at its proximal end where it is attached to the pelvis)
61
Where is the most likely place that the "hip will be broken?
where the bend is in the femur
62
Patella
kneecap
63
the knee connects ______ with the femur and ________ with the bones of the lower leg, _______ and _____
superiorly, inferiorly, tibia, fibula
64
Tibia
medial and larger bone of lower leg (shinbone)
65
Fibula
lateral and smaller bone of lower leg
66
what are the two distinct landmarks of the ankle for tibia and fibula?
```
the Malleoli
lateral malleolus (lower end of fibula)
Medial malleolus (lower end of tibia)
```
67
Ankle consisted of bones called _____
Tarsals
68
Foot bones are called _______
Metatarsals
69
Heel bone is called ______
Calcaneus
70
Toe bones are the ________
Phalanges
71
Shoulder consists of what bones?
Clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus
72
Clavicle
Collarbone, is located anteriorly
73
Scapula
shoulder blade, located posteriorly
74
Part of the scapula is called _______ _____
Acromion process, highest portion of the shoulder. it forms the acromioclavicular joint with the clavicle.
75
upper arm and forearm consist of 3 bones connected at the elbow
humerus, radius and ulna
76
Where is the humerus?
bone between shoulder and elbow
77
Where is the radius and ulna?
between shoulder and hand.
radius is lateral (always aligned with thumb)
ulna is medial
78
What bones does the wrist consist of?
many bones that are called carpals
79
Bones of the hand are
metacarpals
| and fingerbones are phalanges (like the toe)
80
When are joints formed?
when bone connects to other bones
81
What are the different kinds of joints? (2)
```
ball and socket (like hip or humerus bone)
hinge joint (like elbow with the angle of humerus and ulna.
```
82
Three types of muscles
voluntary, involuntary and cardiac
83
Voluntary muscle (skeletal muscle)
under conscious control of the brain. these muscles form the major muscle mass of the body. responsible for movement. can contract upon voluntary command of the individual.
84
Involuntary muscle (smooth muscle)
gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels and urinary system. also controls the flow of materials through these structures. respond automatically to orders from brain. ultimately not controlled by the person
85
cardiac muscle (specialized form of smooth muscle)
found only in the heart. extremely sedative to decreased oxygen supply
86
the heart has a property called automaticity which means ____
it has the ability to generate and conduct electrical pulses on its own. heartbeat (contraction) is controlled by these pulses.
