Chapter 1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
what is oral pathology
A
- the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with:
- the nature
- identification
- and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions
- a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of these diseases
2
Q
what is important to note about lesions using special vocabulary
A
- the clinical appearance of soft tissue lesions
- soft tissue consistency
- color of lesion
- size of lesion
- surface texture
- radiographic terms used to describe lesions in bone
3
Q
what lesions do we exclude in differential diagnosis
A
- hereditary lesions
- autoimmune lesions
- viral lesions
- erosive lichen planus
- erythema multiforme
- erythroplakia
4
Q
what are the different categories of lesions
A
- flat
- depressed
- raised
5
Q
what are flat lesions
A
- macule or a patch
- appears like a freckle
6
Q
what are depression lesions
A
- erosion, ulcer
- appears as a bigger type of freckle, non-palpable
7
Q
what are the 2 types of raised lesions and what is the difference
A
- nonblisterform: includes papules, pique, nodules and tumors. solid mass
- blisterform: includes vesicles or pustules. has pus or serum inside
8
Q
what is a macule
A
- non-palpable
- small (less than 1 cm)
- change in colour from the rest of the surrounding oral tissue
- ephelis (freckle)
9
Q
what is a patch
A
- larger
- different colour and/or texture, might have wrinkling but non-palpable lesion
10
Q
what is an erosion
A
- depressed, loss of surface epithelium
- NOT into underlying tissue
- usually heals without a scar
- erosive lichen planus
11
Q
what is an ulcer
A
- depressed, loss of surface epithelium
- into underlying tissue (dermis)
- scar is possible
- traumatic ulcer
- ex chicken pox depression (varicella zoster virus)
12
Q
what is a papule
A
- a superficial elevated solid lesion
- solid elevation
- smaller than 1 cm in diameter
- squamous papilloma
13
Q
what is a plaque
A
- a superficial elevated solid lesion
- larger than 1 cm
- flat top, broad papule, plateau-like
- lichen planus
14
Q
what is a nodule
A
- a solid elevated lesion
- extends deeper into the tissue
- up to 1 cm, larger than a papule
- can occur above, level with, or beneath surface
- palpable
- irritation fibroma
15
Q
what is a tumor
A
- a solid elevated lesion
- larger, greater than 2 cm
- benign or malignant
16
Q
what is a vesicle
A
- blisterform or fluid filled lesion
- small, less than 1 cam
- fluid is lymph or serum
- common in herpes simplex
17
Q
what is a pustule
A
- pus filled, purulent material
- common in periodontal abscess
18
Q
what is a bulla
A
- greater than 5 mm
- BIG, BULBOUS, BLISTER
- bad (more severe disease)
19
Q
what is a cyst
A
- encased or closed in sac
- epithelial-lined
- can be semi-solid, solid or contain fluid
- eruption cyst
20
Q
what is a lobule
A
- a segment or a lobe that is a part of the whole
- these lobes sometimes appear fused together
- lobulated torus palatinus
21
Q
what is a pedunculated lesion
A
- attached by a stemlike or stalk base similar to that of a mushroom
22
Q
what is a sessile lesion
A
- describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike
23
Q
what does wheal mean
A
- edema (swelling), allergic reaction, only slightly raised
24
Q
what does scar mean
A
- healed wound
25
what does fissure mean
- deep groove, eg fissured tongue
26
what does sinus mean
- cavity or drainage tract, paranasal sinuses or fistula from an abscess
27
what is palpation
- the elevation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area
28
what are the descriptive terms for palpation
- soft
- firm
- semi-firm
- fluid filled
29
what colours are frequently used to describe a lesion
- red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown and black
- ca be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions
30
what does erythema mean
- an abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva
31
what does pallor mean
- paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
32
what units do we use to measure leasions
- centimeters
| - millimeters
33
what are the 3 types of surface textures
- corrugated (wrinkled)
- fissure (a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth)
- papillary (resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters)
34
what is coalescence
- radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone
| - the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one
35
what is diffuse
- radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone
- describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical
36
what does multilocular mean
- describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion
- a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles; an odontogenic keratocyst often presents as a multilocular radiolucent lesion
37
what is scalloping around the root
- a radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament
38
what is unilocular
- having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
39
what does well circumscribed mean
- term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent
40
what does the making a diagnosis require
- requires gathering information that is relevant to the patient and the lesion being evaluated; this information comes from various sources
41
what are the 8 steps in the diagnostic process
1. clinical diagnosis
2. radiographic diagnosis
3. historical diagnosis
4. laboratory diagnosis
5. microscopic diagnosis
6. surgical diagnosis
7. therapeutic diagnosis
8. differential diagnosis
42
what is leukplakia
- describes a white lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed through clinical characteristics alone
43
what is erythroplakia
- a red lesion that cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical features alone
44
what types of HPV are higher risk for squamous cell carcinoma
- types 16 and 18
