Chapter 1

Question 1

What is subjective data?

What is objective data?

Give an example of each

Answer 1

Subjective—> what a person says about themselves, collected during the history “my chest really hurts”

Objective—> what you observe by inspection, palpatation, and auscultation

• collected during physical exam
• heart rate is 88bpm

Question 2

What are the 3 clinical reasoning models?

Answer 2

Diagnostic reasoning

Nursing process

Critical thinking

Question 3

Diagnostic reasoning is a clinical reasoning model, explain the 4 step process of diagnostic reasoning

Answer 3

1. Attend available cues
2. Formulate a diagnostic hypothesis
3. Gather data relative to the tentative hypothesis
4. Evaluate each hypothesis with new data to arrive at the final diagnosis

Question 4

What are the 5 steps of the nursing process?

Answer 4

1. Assessment
2. nursing-diagnosis
3. planning
4. implementation
5. evaluation

Question 5

Critical thinking requires many skills, they identify patterns, cluster related clues together, and prioritize issues. What are 4 levels of priority’s in critical thinking

Answer 5

First level priorities—> emergent, immediate, life threatening

Second level—> uregent, necessitating prompt intervention-> acute pain

Third level—> important, addressed after more urgent problems-> teaching, resources

Collaborativ—> involves multiple professions-> alcohol abuse, diabetes

Question 6

The concept of health can be defined in many ways,

The biomedical model of health is:

The behavioural model of health is:

The socioenvitomental model of health is:

Answer 6

The biomedical model of health is: health = absence of disease

The behavioural model of health is: treatment of disease+ prevention

The socioenvironmental model of health is: sociological and environmental aspects

Question 7

Give one or two examples of data you might typically collect appropriate to each following health concepts

Biomedical model

Behvaioural model

Socioenviromental model

Health promotion

Answer 7

Biomedical model—> heart rate, bp, blood test

Behvaioural model—> do they smoke, they drink, diet?

Socioenviromental model—> where they live? What they doing for living? What’s family life like?

Health promotion—> do they have family doctor? What do they do to stay “healthy”

Question 8

Depending on the clinical situation, the nurse may establish one of four kinds of database. An episodic database is described as

A)including a complete health history and full physical examination

B)concerning mainly one problem

C)evaluation of a previously identified problem

D) rapid collection of data in conjunction with lifesaving measures

Answer 8

B)concerning mainly one problem

Question 9

Evidence informed nursing practice can be described as:

A) combining clinical expertise with the use of nursing research to provide the best care for patients while considering the individual patients values and circumstances

B)appraising and looking at the implications of one or two articles they relate to the culture and ethnicity of the patient

C) completing a literature search to find relevant articles that utilize nursing research so as to encourage nurses to use good practice

D) finding value-based resources to justify nursing actions when working with patients of diverse cultural backgrounds

Answer 9

A) combining clinical expertise with the use of nursing research to provide the best care for patients while considering the individual patients values and circumstances

Question 10

What can be determined when the nurse clusters data as part of the clinical thinking process?

A) this identifies problems that may be urgent and require immediate action by the nurse

B) this step of the process involves recognizing inconsistencies in the data

C) the nurse recognizes patterns and relationships among the data

D) risk factors can be determined so the nurse knows how to offer health teaching

Answer 10

C) the nurse recognizes patterns and relationships among the data