Chapter 1 - 1.1

Question 0

What are the 6 elements for the chemical foundation for the diversity of life?

Answer 0

C H N O P S

Question 1

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

Answer 1

92

Question 2

The smallest particle of an element is an

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

All atoms of an element have the same number of

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

Number of ______ varies, resulting in ________

Answer 4

Neutrons / isotopes

Question 5

Isotopes have different

Answer 5

Atomic masses

Question 6

Isotopes that are unstable and decay over time are called

Answer 6

Radioisotopes

Question 7

What is a molecule

Answer 7

A substance composed of two or more non-metal atoms that are covalently bonded together

Question 8

Intramolecular forces

Answer 8

Forces WITHIN molecules that hold atoms together

Question 9

Covalent bonds form when

Answer 9

Electron shells of 2 atoms overlap do that same valence electrons of each are shared

Question 10

The property governing how strongly an atom attracts electrons is

Answer 10

Electronegativity

Question 11

Unequal sharing of electrons due to a difference in electronegativity results in a ________ bond

Answer 11

Polar covalent

Question 12

Atoms with a higher electronegativity have a ______ charge.

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

Atoms with a lower electronegativity have a ______ charge.

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

2 atoms with similar electronegativities that equally share electrons are

Answer 14

Non-polar covalent

Question 15

Most hydrocarbons are

Answer 15

Non-polar covalent

Question 16

Forces BETWEEN molecules are

Answer 16

Intermolecular forces

Question 17

Which forces are weaker: intermolecular or intermolecular?

Answer 17

Intermolecular

Question 18

What are the two types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 18

H bonding and hydrophobic interactions

Question 19

Hydrophilic molecules are: polar or non-polar

Answer 19

Polar

Question 20

Hydrophilic means

Answer 20

Water loving

Question 21

Hydrophobic means

Answer 21

Water fearing

Question 22

Hydrophobic molecules are: polar or non-polar

Answer 22

Non-polar

Question 23

Oil and water are an example of

Answer 23

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 24

An ion that has lost an electron has a ______ charge

Answer 24

Positive

Question 25

An ion that has gained an electron has a ______ charge

Answer 25

Negative

Question 26

An ion with a positive charge is called a

Answer 26

Cation

Question 27

An ion with a negative charge is called an

Answer 27

Anion

Question 28

An ion that has lost an electron is a

Answer 28

Cation

Question 29

An ion that has gained an electron is an

Answer 29

Anion

Question 30

Cluster of atoms that always behave a certain way are

Answer 30

Functional groups

Question 31

Functional groups bonded with molecules will give the molecules the same chemical properties T/F

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Properties of hydroxyl

Answer 32

Polar

Question 33

Properties of carbonyl

Answer 33

Polar

Question 34

Properties of carboxyl

Answer 34

``` Polar Acidic (donates a proton) ```

Question 35

Properties of an amino

Answer 35

Polar | Basic (accepts a proton)

Question 36

Properties of a sulfhydryl

Answer 36

Slightly polar

Question 37

Properties of phosphate

Answer 37

Polar | Negatively charged

Question 38

Hydroxyl

Answer 38

OH

Question 39

Carbonyl

Answer 39

C=O

Question 40

Carboxyl

Answer 40

O=C-OH

Question 41

Amino

Answer 41

N-H

Question 42

Sulfhydryl

Answer 42

SH

Question 43

Phosphate

Answer 43

``` O- | -O-P-O- || O ```

Question 44

Hydroxyl found in

Answer 44

Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids

Question 45

Carbonyl found in

Answer 45

Carbohydrates | Nucleic acids

Question 46

Carboxyl found in

Answer 46

Proteins | Lipids

Question 47

Amino found in

Answer 47

Proteins | Nucleic acids

Question 48

Sulfhydryl found in

Answer 48

Proteins

Question 49

Phosphate found in

Answer 49

Nucleic acids

Question 50

The shape of molecules influences their

Answer 50

Behaviour and function