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Language Acquisition > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Communication

A

The process of information exchange

The process of exchanging information through a speakr’s ideas, thoughts, feelings, needs and desires

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2
Q

Speech

A

The production of sound

The verbal means of communicating through articulation

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3
Q

Language

A

Meaning conveyed by words, sentences and longer utterances

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4
Q

Morphology

A

The way that words and smaller units can be combined to form other words (go + ing= going)

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5
Q

Phonology

A

The way that sounds are combined to form words ( c + a + t = cat)

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6
Q

Syntax

A

The word combination used to expressed meaning in sentence structures ( I + see+ a+ bird)

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7
Q

Semantics

A

The way words correspond to things and events in the world and how language reflects a speakers intent or feeling

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8
Q

Encodes

A

The information transmitted by the sender

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9
Q

Decodes

A

The comprehension and the understanding of the information by the receiver

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10
Q

Municative competence

A

The ability to communicate a message successfully and to understand the concept being communicated

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11
Q

Linguistic competence

A

mastery of the grammatical rules of a language language

The ability to create accurate sentences in a language

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12
Q

Receptive language

A

The ability to understand others

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13
Q

Expressive language

A

The ability to express and share thoughts, ideas and feelings

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14
Q

Prosody

A

A communicative tool that involves duration (lenght), intensity (loudness) and frequency (pitch) when producing words or longer utterance

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15
Q

Paralinguistics cues

A

They accompany spoken langague and often help the listener better understand a speaker’s meaning

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16
Q

The larynx

A

A muscular organ that contains the vocal cords and folds

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17
Q

How are the vocal cords stimulated

A

By respiration

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18
Q

Phonemes

A

Smallest units of sound that create difference in meaning

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19
Q

Rhotic Diphthongs

A

Phonemes that are a combination of a vowel

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20
Q

Orthography

A

Describes the symbols or alphabet latters (graphemes)

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21
Q

Grapheme

A

is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.

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22
Q

How are voiced sound produce?

A

When the vocal folds are adducted

When the vocal folds are brought together

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23
Q

Adducted

A

Vocal folds closed

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24
Q

Abducted

A

Vocal folds open

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25
How are unvoiced sound produced?
When the vocal folds are abduted (open)
26
How are consonant sound produced ? Non nasal
Are produced with the velum raised so the air exits the mouth or oral cavity
27
How are nasal consonant produced?
With the airstream exiting through the nose
28
Phonological processes
Describe children’s early production of words
29
Perception
Auditory interpretation
30
Genetive
Used to describe the nature of language
31
Grammar
Description of a language with the respect to its components
32
What are the components of language
Form, content, and use
33
Components of a basic syntactic structure
Noun phrase and verb phrase
34
Main verb
Describe an action
35
Auxiliary verb
Provides information that clarifies meaning
36
Modal auxiliary verbs
Express mood
37
Prepositional pharases
Indicate place
38
When do children start to produce words
Single word hy 12 months and combination of words by 18 months
39
syntatic development
When children produce sentences with increased lenght and complexity
40
Free morphemes
Those that have meaning by themselves
41
Bound morphemes
Occur only in combination with free morphemes
42
Inflectional merphemes
Modify verb tense or indicate noun numbers
43
Deribational morphemes
Involve a prefix or suffix
44
Grammatical morphemes
are those bits of linguistic sound which mark the grammatical categories of language (Tense, Number, Gender, Aspect), Consist of conjunctions, articles and preposition
45
Conceptual knowledge
What a child knows and undestands about ideas, entities and actions Conceptual Knowledge refers to the knowledge of, or understanding of concepts, principles, theories, models, classifications, etc.
46
Overextension
Young children use the perceptual characteristis of entities to extend the meaning beyong that entity
47
Underextantion
Children may have Limited representation of an entity or a thing and viewing a word to have a very restricted meaning.
48
Pragmatics
Appropriate use of languague in social interaction, along with rules govern interaction with others
49
Pragmatic language rules
The effective and appropriate use of language to acomplish social goals, manage turns and topic in conversation
50
Theory of mind (TOM)
Allows to understand others internal thoughts and emotions
51
Speech act
Labels a speaker’s intent or meaning when she or he produces a sentance in social interaction
52
When do children start using modal auxiliaries verbs?
5
53
Cognition
Is a mental mechanism that allows a child to achieve cognitive skills
54
Attention
The ability to focus on the essential factor in a specific context or task, along with the ability ti ignore distractions and irrelevant information
55
Working memory
The ability to store information encountered in a current experience
56
Social cognition
Is a cognitive process that allows children to recognize and understand social signals. Allows us to determine what information is already known by the listener, what i formation is needed, and what possible misundertanding may occur. It allows to see things from others point of view
57
Executive funtion
The cognition abilities used to control and to coordinate information for planning goals, controlling responses, shifting between tasks and keeping information in the mind to guide future actions
58
Metacognition
Consist on a child’s self-knowledge of his or her own language and thought process. It refers to the metal process used to plan, monitor and analyze one’s thinking and behavior
59
Metalingusitics abilities
Involve the ability to think overtly about language, manupulate the structural featured of language at the phoneme, word or sentence level
60
Verbal reasoning
Consist of the ability to make inferences about new experiences, tranfer what has been learned across different experiences and relevant information when making comparisons
61
Analogical reasoning
Allows children to notice conrrespondeces and make inferences about similar facts or experiences across contexts
62
Dialect
Is a variation of a particular language that is distinguished by phonology, grammar or vocabulary
63
communicative competence
How use our knowledge of language in communication
64
Semantic knowledge
is the knowledge that one gets from life's experience. This knowledge is not tied down to a specific concept. In simple words, just knowledge in general.

Language Acquisition (2 decks)

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