Chapter 1

Question 1

Authenticity

Answer 1

the extent to which the analysis of a phenomenon corresponds with reality.

Question 2

Confirmability

Answer 2

the extent to which a study’s results may be verified by an independent researcher.

Question 3

Credibility

Answer 3

the extent to which the results of an analysis “fit” with the reality being depicted.

Question 4

Dependability

Answer 4

the extent to which a researcher has produced accurate results, based on precise methods.

Question 5

Equivocal

Answer 5

ambigious

Question 6

Impartiality

Answer 6

the extent to which a study offers findings based on observation and evidence, as opposed to opinion or conjecture.

Question 7

Internal validity

Answer 7

the extent to which the researcher has produced results reflective of reality, as measured within the confines of the study.

Question 8

Large-N study

Answer 8

research involving a large number of cases.

Question 9

Measurement validity

Answer 9

the extent to which the measurement of a particular concept matches its operational definition.

Question 10

Member checks

Answer 10

the process of verifying study results in consultation with its subjects. (p. 45)

Question 11

Objectivity

Answer 11

the extent to which a study’s results are unbiased by the researcher’s predispositions.

Question 12

Plausibility

Answer 12

when compared with alternative accounts, the extent to which a study’s results offer a reasonable, believable account of reality.

Question 13

Portability

Answer 13

the extent to which a study’s results may be used to draw conclusions about other cases not immediately under investigation.

Question 14

Precision

Answer 14

the extent to which a study offers an accurate account of reality, based on the ability of other researchers to reach similar conclusions under similar circumstances.

Question 15

Probability

Answer 15

the mathematical likelihood that the results of a study apply beyond the cases under examination to other cases under the same general category.

Question 16

Qualitative research

Answer 16

the non-numerical examination of reality; typically conducted through the use of verbal depiction.

Question 17

Quantitative research

Answer 17

the numerical examination of reality; typically conducted through the use of statistical analysis.

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

the extent to which the measurement of a particular variable yields consistent results.

Question 19

Small-n studies

Answer 19

research involving a small number of cases.

Question 20

Transferability

Answer 20

the extent to which researchers can export the lessons drawn from one investigation to develop conclusions about another set of cases.

Question 21

Triangulation

Answer 21

the use of multiple approaches to data collection and analysis as a means of drawing trustworthy conclusions about reality.

Question 22

Trustworthiness

Answer 22

the extent to which a study produces legitimate knowledge.

Question 23

Univocal

Answer 23

having one meaning; unambiguous

Question 24

arguments

Answer 24

positions supported by reasons

Question 25

evidence

Answer 25

observed and measurable information.

Question 26

scientific approach to politics

Answer 26

uses critical thought as a guide to our perceptions of the political world

Question 27

Normative analysis is based on what?

Answer 27

Normative arguments are based on reason and logic

Question 28

empirical research

Answer 28

bases its arguments on evidence obtained from observation and measurement of the physical and social worlds

Question 29

What does Political Philosophy focus on (normative or empirical?)

Answer 29

normative

Question 30

intersubjectivity

Answer 30

empirical research independently conducted by many people

Question 31

science

Answer 31

is a set of beliefs about the natural world

Question 32

epistemology

Answer 32

an approach to knowledge

Question 33

methodology

Answer 33

a way of obtaining knowledge

Question 34

empiricism

Answer 34

that knowledge is derived from real-world observation, rather than being derived a priori or by intuition

Question 35

theories

Answer 35

integrated sets of explanations of the political world

Question 36

determinism

Answer 36

everything has a cause

Question 37

objectivity

Answer 37

science should create an accurate representation of reality

Question 38

replication

Answer 38

knowledge is acquired through a continuous application of the scientific method

Question 39

multi-method research

Answer 39

research approach in which research teams use a series of different data collection methodologies

Question 40

mixed methods research

Answer 40

researchers integrate qualitative and quantitative research approaches

Question 41

``` Research that is based on a database of three thousand survey responses would be called: qualitative research mixed-methods research large-n research replication research ```

Answer 41

Large-n Research

Question 42

``` "Democracy is the best type of political regime for human societies.” This is an example of ______. a normative statement an empirical statement an observation a paradigm ```

Answer 42

A normative statement

Question 43

``` Scientific research starts with ______. problem identification data collection replication hypothesis formation ```

Answer 43

Problem identification

Question 44

``` Intersubjectivity requires that more than one observation occur; in the scientific process this practice is known as ______. empirical analysis normative analysis knowledge replication ```

Answer 44

Replication

Question 45

The chief characteristic of interpretivism is the idea that ________. positivism is the wrong approach to research methods it is possible to objectively measure most social and political phenomena every event has an explanation or cause total objectivity by researchers is impossible

Answer 45

Total objectivity by researchers is impossible

Question 46

``` A paradigm is ________. a fact an argument a framework for understanding a hypothesis ```

Answer 46

A framework for understanding

Question 47

``` Epistemology refers to the study of ______. the scientific method social movements history knowledge ```

Answer 47

Knowledge

Question 48

``` “People with a higher level of education are more likely to vote than those with lower education.” This is an example of a ______. theory hypothesis null hypothesis fact ```

Answer 48

Hypothesis

Question 49

``` Science is ______ . a set of rules that help us understand the world around us a set of facts the study of empirical analysis the study of normative analysis ```

Answer 49

A set of rules that help us understand the world around us

Question 50

``` Postmodernism is an example of ______ approach. an interpretivist a normative an empiricist a scientific ```

Answer 50

An Interpretivist

Question 51

Democracy is the best type of political regime for human societies.” This is an example of __.

Answer 51

a normative statement