Chapter 1

Question 0

Define data

Answer 0

Data consists of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses

Question 1

Define statistics

Answer 1

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions

Question 2

Define population

Answer 2

The collection of ALL outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest

Question 3

Define sample

Answer 3

A sample is a subset, or part, of a population

Question 4

Define parameter

Answer 4

A numerical description of a POPULATION characteristic

Question 5

Define statistic

Answer 5

A numerical description of a SAMPLE characteristic

Question 6

Define descriptive statistics

Answer 6

The branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data

Question 7

Define inferential statistics

Answer 7

The branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. Probability

Question 8

Define qualitative data

Answer 8

Consists of attributes, labels, or no numerical entries. Ex: names

Question 9

Define quantitative data

Answer 9

Consists of numerical measurements or counts. Ex: prices

Question 10

Define nominal level of measurement

Answer 10

Qualitative only. Categorized using names, labels, or qualities

Question 11

Define ordinal level of measurement

Answer 11

Qualitative or quantitative. Data can be arranged in order or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful

Question 12

Define interval level of measurement

Answer 12

Can be ordered and meaningful differences between data entries can be calculated. Zero entry represents a position on a scale.

Question 13

Define ratio level of measurement

Answer 13

Can be ordered and meaningful differences between data entries can be calculated. Zero entry in an inherent zero “none”

Question 14

Define statistical study

Answer 14

Collect data and use that data to make a decision

Question 15

Define observational study

Answer 15

A researcher observes and measures characteristics of interest of part of a population but does not change existing conditions.

Question 16

Define experiment

Answer 16

A treatment is applied to part of a population and responses are observed. Control group may be used to observe differences

Question 17

Define simulation

Answer 17

The use of mathematical or physical model to reproduce the conditions of a situations or process

Question 18

Define survey

Answer 18

An investigation of one or more characteristics of a population, usually by asking people questions.

Question 19

Define randomization

Answer 19

A process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups

Question 20

Define replication

Answer 20

The repetition of an experiments under the same or similar conditions

Question 21

Define confounding variable

Answer 21

Occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference between the effects of different factors on a variable

Question 22

Define simple random sample

Answer 22

A sample in which every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being selected

Question 23

Define stratified sample

Answer 23

When it is important for the sample to have members from each segment of the population

Question 24

Define cluster sample

Answer 24

When a population falls into natural occurring subgroups that each have similar characteristics

Question 25

Define systematic sample

Answer 25

A sample in which each member of the population is assigned a number and are ordered in some way with a starting number randomly selected

Question 26

Differences between three levels of quantitative measurement

Answer 26

Ordinal- put in a category and put in order Interval- put in a category and put in order, find differences between values Ratio- put in a category and put in order, find differences between values, and find ratios of values