chapter 1

Question 1

what is the difference between information and data

Answer 1

• -> data is the raw or unprocessed material
• -> Information is knowledge, intelligence, a particular piece of data with a special meaning or function
• -> It is the result of combining, comparing, analysing, or performing calculations on data

Question 2

what is a database

Answer 2

• -> A database is a centralized and structured set of data stored on a computer system
• -> provides facilities for retrieving, adding, modifying, and deleting data when required
• -> provides facilities for transforming retrieved data into useful information

Question 3

who manages a database

Answer 3

database administrator

Question 4

when the raw data is queried it is transformed into ________________

Answer 4

more useful information

Question 5

what are the steps in the database design process

Answer 5

analyze
design
build

Question 6

what is the first step in database development process

Answer 6

data modelling

Question 7

what happens in the data modelling process

Answer 7

• -> collecting and analyzing the data a business needs to track
• -> followed by diagramming the organization of that data in an entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

Question 8

data modelling begins by ______________________________

Answer 8

researching the information requirements of a business

Question 9

an entity relationship diagram should completely ___________________________

Answer 9

capture and accurately model the organization’s information needs and functions of the business

Question 10

what is step 2 of database development process

Answer 10

database design phase

–> translates the information modelled on the entity-relationship diagram to a table instance chart

Question 11

what components does a table instance chart contain

Answer 11

table names
column names
keys
Nulls

Question 12

2 types of keys

Answer 12

primary keys

foreign keys

Question 13

what is a primary key

Answer 13

it is a unique identifier for each row of the data

Question 14

what is a foreign key

Answer 14

links the data in 1 table to the data in a second table by referring to the primary key column in the second table

Question 15

what is nulls

Answer 15

indicates if a column must contain a value

Question 16

what is unique

Answer 16

value contained within a column is unique within the table

Question 17

what is data type

Answer 17

identifies the definition and format of the data stored in each column

Question 18

what is used to build the physical structure of the database

Answer 18

SQL commands

Question 19

what is sql used for

Answer 19

populate, access ,and manipulate the data within the relational db

Question 20

what is software

Answer 20

programs which tell the hardware what to do

Question 21

what is OS

Answer 21

a software program that directly controls and manages the hardware

Question 22

what is application

Answer 22

program which carries out specific tasks on behalf of the user

Question 23

what is a server and client

Answer 23

–> server is a powerful computer that accepts work requests from clients, executes the request and sends the response back to the client

• -> client is a workstation or computer including a screen, keyboard and mouse
• -> human users interact directly with clients

Question 24

what is a grid computing model

Answer 24

–> all of an organization’s computers in different locations can be utilized just like a pool of computing resources

–> builds a software infrastructure that can run on a large number of networked servers `

Question 25

what happens when a user makes a request in grid computing model

Answer 25

the request will be processed in the grid, in the most efficient way possible

Question 26

grid computing is computing as a _________-

Answer 26

utility --> user is charged for what they uses

Question 27

what is cloud computing

Answer 27

allows businesses to access software and hardware from a cloud provider located remotely delivered to users using web technology `

Question 28

personal computers became widely available in which year

Answer 28

1980s

Question 29

what was the problem with isolated non integrated systems

Answer 29

if an upgrade is made to a software application, each and every server plus every client must be upgraded.

Question 30

what are dumb terminals

Answer 30

these are smaller computers that were used to access the mainframe.

Question 31

_________ is a colleciton of data arranged for speed of ease and speed of search for retrieval

Answer 31

database

Question 32

what is dbms

Answer 32

A software used for storing and retrieving users' data while considering appropriate security measures. It consists of a group of programs which manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for data from an application and instructs the operating system to provide the specific data. In large systems, a DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.

Question 33

what is the definition of sql

Answer 33

According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute), it is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database. Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access, Ingres, etc.