Chapter 1

Question 1

Paleo Indians

Answer 1

the first Americans; followed animal herds through North America; hunted animals for food and clothing and gathered edible plants

Question 2

Maya

Answer 2

created a number system and wrote with glyphs; found in southern Mexico and Guatemala

Question 3

Aztec

Answer 3

invaded central Mexico in A.D. 1200; empire ruled millions; society was organized with a strict class system; capital city has a canal system

Question 4

Inca

Answer 4

a farming culture in the Andes; most populated empire in the Americas (12 million)

Question 5

What advances did early civilizations in the Americas make?

Answer 5

• agriculture
• numbering system
• glyphs (symbols/images)

Question 6

feudalism

Answer 6

a system where feudal nobles pledged loyalty/military assistance to more powerful leaders in return for land and protection from invasion

Question 7

Crusades

Answer 7

religious wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Jerusalem

• opened trading routes for European merchants
• gave people ideas about art, philosophy, and science

Question 8

Christopher Columbus

Answer 8

tried to reach Asia in October 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean, landed in San Salvador

Question 9

Hernan Cortes

Answer 9

conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519; built Mexico City

Question 10

Jamestown, Virginia

Answer 10

first settlement in America; founded in 1607 by 100 men recruited by the London Company; near Chesapeake Bay

Question 11

Mayflower Compact

Answer 11

a document that established a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members

Question 12

Starting in 1630, in the _____ ________ 60,000 Puritans left England for the Americas.

Answer 12

Great Migration

Question 13

John Winthrop

Answer 13

helped settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony; a leader of the Puritan movement; led a fleet of 11 ships with 1,000 settlers

Question 14

James Oglethorpe

Answer 14

in 1732, he established Georgia as a settlement

Question 15

What effect did colonial settlement have on Native Americans?

Answer 15

• threatened their hunting grounds and farms
• gave them diseases
• death

Question 16

How did religion influence the founding of the New England colonies?

Answer 16

they were founded to gain religious freedom

Question 17

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 17

banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 18

Stamp Act

Answer 18

levied a tax on printed matter of all kinds

Question 19

The Shot Heard Round The World

Answer 19

fired at a battle between Redcoats and Patriots in Lexington near Concord (where the war started)

Question 20

George Washington

Answer 20

Virginian general of the Continental Army

Question 21

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 21

Revolutionary War battle near Boston that resulted in 1,000 British casualties and 450 Patriot casualties

Question 22

Thomas Paine

Answer 22

a powerful supporter of independence; published the pamphlet Common Sense in January 1776

Question 23

Common Sense

Answer 23

pamphlet that raised support for the Revolution and called for the end of British rule

Question 24

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

Answer 24

laws that closed the port of Boston, revoked the colony’s charter, and ordered local officials to provide food and shelter for British soldiers

Question 25

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 25

Virginian lawyer, planter, and slaveholder; wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence and most of the final draft

Question 26

Abigail Adams

Answer 26

remarked on political affairs (discussed women's rights and their exclusion from the Declaration of Independence); born in 1744 in MA; John Adams's wife and the daughter of a minister

Question 27

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 27

battle where the British surrendered and ended the war

Question 28

Treaty of Paris

Answer 28

September 3, 1783; granted the U.S. independence + land from the Atlantic coast westward to the MS River and from the Great Lakes south to Florida

Question 29

impel

Answer 29

force

Question 30

tyranny

Answer 30

oppressive power exerted by a government or ruler

Question 31

relinquish

Answer 31

release, yield

Question 32

annihilation

Answer 32

destruction

Question 33

tenure

Answer 33

term

Question 34

quartering

Answer 34

lodging, housing

Question 35

republicanism

Answer 35

citizens hold the ultimate authority

Question 36

Articles of Confederation

Answer 36

a plan for a national government; the first written constitution of the U.S.; went into effect in 1781

Question 37

What did the Articles of Confederation grant the government the right to do?

Answer 37

- borrow and coin money - conduct foreign affairs - set policy toward Native Americans - settle state disputes

Question 38

Who was the leader of the British army?

Answer 38

General Cornwallis

Question 39

depression

Answer 39

a sharp drop in business activity and a rise in unemployment (happened in 1784)

Question 40

Federalists

Answer 40

favored ratification of the Constitution - Alexander Hamilton - John Jay - James Madison - John Marshall

Question 41

Antifederalists

Answer 41

feared a powerful national government | - Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, George Mason

Question 42

electors

Answer 42

delegates selected by state government

Question 43

federalism

Answer 43

the division of powers between a strong central government and the state governments