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A&P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

structure and form

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2
Q

Physiology

A

function of the parts

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3
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

examines structures unseen without aid

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4
Q

cytology

A

study of body cells and their internal structure

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5
Q

Gross anatomy

A

(Macroscopic)
studies structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the naked eye

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6
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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7
Q

systemic anatomy

A

studies anatomy of each functional body system
eg urinary system

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8
Q

regional anatomy

A

examines anatomy in a particular region
ie axillary region including lymphnodes,, blood vessels, nerves, muscles and tissues

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9
Q

surface anatomy

A

focuses on superficial anatomic markings and inner structure that relate to the skin covering them
ie pulse locations, node locations, where to perform CPR

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10
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

examines similarities and differences in in anatomy of different species

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11
Q

Embryology

A

discipline concerned with developmental changes from conception to birth

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12
Q

pathologic anatomy

A

anatomy changed by disease

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13
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

investigates relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by scanning procedures

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14
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

examines functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

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15
Q

Neurophysiology

A

examines nerve impulses throughout the nervous systems

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16
Q

respiratory physiology

A

studies how respiratory gasses are exchanged between lungs and blood vessels

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17
Q

reproductive physiology

A

studies regulation of reproductive hormones and how they drive the reproduction cycle

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18
Q

pathophysiology

A

investigates relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury

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19
Q

Things that describe living things (5 things)

A

1.organization
2.metabolism
3.responsiveness
4.regulation
5.reproduction

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20
Q

Organization

A

Complex structure order

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21
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions in the human body

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22
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to detect and react to stimuli

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23
Q

regulation

A

the process of maintaining structures and function (Homeostasis)

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24
Q

reproduction

A

make new cells for growth

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25
Levels of organization
Chemical (atoms and molecules) - Cellular (cells) - Tissue (epithelial and connective) - Organ(Small intestines)- Organ system (digestive system) - Organism(person) simplest to most complex
26
4 types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle tissues, nervous tissue
27
11 Organ systems
1. Integumentary: Hair, Skin, Nails 2. Cardiovascular: Blood vessels and Heart 3. Reproductive: hormones and sex cells 4. Urinary: waste and blood filtering 5. Respiratory: lungs and breathing- exchange of gasses 6. Digestive: digests food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste 7. Lymphatic: drains lymph fluid, fights infection 8. Nervous : regulatory system that responds to stimuli 9. Endocrine: glands and cells that regulate hormones, digestion, reproduction, 10. Skeletal: support and protection- bones 11. Muscle: movement
28
anatomic position
standing upright, palms facing anteriorly (out)
29
supine
lying down, facing upwards
30
section
cut or slice to expose internal anatomy
31
plane
imaginary flat surface running through the body
32
3 planes
1. Coronal: frontal plane, divides body into front and back 2. Transverse plane: cross sectional, divides body into top and bottom 3. Mid Sagittal: divides body into left and right equal parts
33
Anterior
toward the front
34
posterior
toward the back
35
dorsal
back side of human body
36
Ventral
belly side of human body
37
Superior
closer to head
38
Inferior
closer to feet
39
Cranial
Toward Head
40
Caudal
Toward the rear
41
Rostral
Toward nose and mouth
42
Medial
Midline of the body
43
lateral
Away from midline of the body
44
contralateral
on the opposite side
45
deep
closer to the inside
46
superficial
closer to the surface
47
proximal
closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
48
distal
farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk
49
Major Bodily regions (7)
1. Cephalic (head) 2. Thoracic (chest) 3. Abdominal 4. Pelvic 5. Cervical (neck) 6. Upper Extremity 7. Lower Extremity
50
posterior aspect
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral canal
51
ventral cavity
large, anteriorly placed cavity divided into Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
52
serous membranes
a continuous layer of cells divided into 1. parietal layer (lines internal surface) and 2. Visceral (covers internal surface of the organs)
53
Abdominopelvic Regions
1. umbilical: middle region 2. epigastric: superior to umbilical 3. hypogastric: inferior or middle 4. R and L hypochhondriac 5. R and L Lumbar 6. R and L Iliac
54
homeostasis
organisms ability to remain at a steady state
55
3 components of homeostasis
1. receptor: detects change or stimuli (skin or hypothalamus) 2. control center: interprets input and initiates change (Endocrine system, hypothalamus) 3. effector: the structure to bring about change (blood vessels, sweat glands, muscles)
56
negative feedback
movement in the opposite direction (body fights fever and returns to homeostasis)
57
positive feedback
body responds to stimuli by moving in the same direction ie nursing mother, or birth process
58
Cephalic region contains
Frontal Orbital Nasal Buccal Oral Mental
59
Thoracic region contains
Axillary Mammary Pectoral Sternal
60
Pelvic region contains
Coxal Inguinal Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal
61
Upper extremity region contains
Deltoid Brachial Antecubital Olecranal Ante brachial Carpal Dorsum of the hand Manus Palmar Digital
62
Lower extremity region includes
Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Calcaneal Plantar surface Tarsal Dorsum of the foot Digital
63
antebrachial
forearm
64
antecubital
front of elbow
65
auricular
visible surfaces of the ear
66
brachial
arm
67
buccal
cheek
68
calcaneal
heel of the foot
69
coxal
hip
70
crural
front of lower leg (shin)
71
deltoid
shoulder
72
hallux
great toe
73
fibular
lateral aspect of the leg
74
occipital
posterior aspect of the head
75
olecranal
posterior aspect of the elbow
76
Patellar
kneecap
77
plantar
sole of the foot
78
pollex
thumb
79
popliteal
back of the knee
80
radial
thumb side of the forearm
81
scapular
shoulder blade
82
sural
calf
83
tarsal
proximal part of the foot and ankle
84
tibial
medial aspect of leg
85
ulnar
pinky side of the arm

A&P 1 (5 decks)

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