Chapter 1

Question 1

Malnutrition

Answer 1

Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

Question 2

What two lifestyle habits are more influential than food?

Answer 2

Smoking (other forms of tobacco) and drinking alcohol in excess

Question 3

What are the top 4 leading causes of death in the U.S.?

Answer 3

Heart disease, cancers, chronic lung disease, and strokes

These are all directly related to nutrition

Question 4

Chronic diseases

Answer 4

Degenerative conditions or illnesses that progress slowly, are long in duration, and lack immediate cures
Ex. Heart disease and diabetes

Question 5

Anemia caused by sickle cell disease is (blank)

Answer 5

Hereditary

Question 6

What’s the vision of Healthy People 2020?

Answer 6

A society in which all people live long, healthy lives

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

The capacity to do work. Food energy is measured in calories

Question 8

Organic

Answer 8

Carbon containing

Question 9

Of the six classes of nutrients, how many are organic?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 10

Carbohydrate, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

Question 11

What 4 classes of nutrients are organic?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins

Question 12

When considering quantities of food and nutrients, what do scientists measure them in?

Answer 12

Grams

Question 13

What are the energy-yielding nutrients?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates, fats, protein

Also are macronutrients

Question 14

What are the micronutrients?

Answer 14

Vitamins and minerals

Question 15

Vitamins and minerals act as regulators. What does this mean?

Answer 15

They assist in all body processes: digesting food, moving muscles, disposing of wastes, growing new tissues, healing wounds, etc.

Question 16

We constantly lose water through…

Answer 16

Sweat, breath, urine

Question 17

Essential nutrients

Answer 17

The nutrients the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials. Nutrients that must be obtained through food

Question 18

What’s the most energy-rich nutrient?

Answer 18

Fat

Question 19

Elemental diets

Answer 19

Diets composed of purified ingredients of known chemical composition. It’s intended to supply all the essential nutrients to people who cannot eat foods

Question 20

What happens when a person is fed through a vein for a long period?

Answer 20

The digestive organs grow weak and smaller

Question 21

Photochemicals

Answer 21

Bioactive compounds in plant-derived foods. Compounds that confer taste, color, and other characteristics of food

Question 22

Enriched and fortified foods

Answer 22

Foods to which nutrients has been added

Question 23

Fast foods

Answer 23

Restaurant foods that are available within minutes after ordering

Question 24

Functional foods

Answer 24

Whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components believed to provide health benefits, beyond the benefits that their nutrients confer

Question 25

Medical foods

Answer 25

Foods specially manufactured for use by people with medical disorders and administered on the advice of a physician

Question 26

Natural foods

Answer 26

Wholesomeness

Question 27

Organic foods

Answer 27

Foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Question 28

Processed foods

Answer 28

Foods subjected to any process, such as milling, alteration of texture, addition of additives, cooking, etc.

Question 29

Staple foods

Answer 29

Foods used frequently or daily

Question 30

Ultra-processed foods

Answer 30

A term used to describe highly palatable food products of manufacturing made with industrial ingredients and additives, such as sugars, refined starches, fats, salt, and imitation flavors and colors

Question 31

Whole Foods

Answer 31

Milk and milk products; meats and similar foods such as fish and poultry; vegetables, including dried beans and peas; fruit; and grains

Question 32

What are the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet?

Answer 32

Adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, variety

Question 33

Adequacy

Answer 33

Foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy

Question 34

Balance

Answer 34

The choices do not over emphasize one nutrient or food type at the expense of another

Question 35

Calorie control

Answer 35

The food provide the amount of energy you need to maintain appropriate weight

Question 36

Moderation

Answer 36

The foods do not provide excess fat, salt, sugar, or other unwanted constituents

Question 37

Variety

Answer 37

The foods chosen differ from one day to the next

Question 38

Case studies

Answer 38

Studies of individuals

Question 39

Epidemiological studies

Answer 39

Studies of whole populations

Question 40

Intervention studies

Answer 40

Researchers actively intervene to alter people’s eating habits

Question 41

Laboratory studies

Answer 41

Can pinpoint the mechanisms by which nutrition acts

Question 42

What is “What we eat in America”?

Answer 42

A national food and nutrient survey that reveals what we know about the populations food and supplement intakes

Question 43

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)

Answer 43

Conducts physical examinations and measurements and laboratory test. It involves asking people what they have eaten and recording measure of their health status

Question 44

What are the stages of behavior change?

Answer 44

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, adoption/moving on

Question 45

Nutrient density

Answer 45

Foods richly endowed with nutrients relative to their energy contents

Question 46

Nutrition quackery

Answer 46

The promotion, for financial gain, of devices, treatments, services, plans, or products, claimed to improve health, well being, or appearance without proof of safety or effectiveness

Question 47

Registered dietician nutritionist (RDN)

Answer 47

Food and nutrition experts who have earned at least a bachelors degree with a program approved by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics