Chapter 1

Question 1

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 1

Focuses on how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information

Question 2

Biological Perspective

Answer 2

Focuses on physical substances underlying behavior, thought, and emotion. (brain chemicals)

Question 3

Social Perspective

Answer 3

Changes in thinking or behavior because of context or situation

Question 4

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 4

Rewards and punishments influencing behavior.

Question 5

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 5

helping others stems from lack of help as a child

Question 6

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 6

Healthy people help sick people. Pyramid of needs.

Question 7

Psychology

Answer 7

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 8

Behavior Genetics

Answer 8

How genes and environment work together to influence our individual differences

Question 9

Behaviorist

Answer 9

School of thought that focuses on how we learn. It is observation of external responses.

Question 10

Freud

Answer 10

Founder of psychoanalytic Perspective

Question 11

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 11

School of thought that focuses on how behavior comes from the unconscious.

Question 12

Correlation

Answer 12

designed to determine the degree to which two variables are related

Question 13

Positive Correlation

Answer 13

Both variables increase or decrease dependently together. The closer the variables are to 1.0, the stronger the correlation

Question 14

Negative Correlation

Answer 14

Both variables increase or decrease independently of the other. (one increases the other decreases) The closer the variables are to -1.0, the stronger the correlation

Question 15

Causation

Answer 15

When correlation is directly influenced by each other

Question 16

Zero Correlation

Answer 16

No Correlation

Question 17

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 17

subjects are observed in their natural environment without their knowledge.

Question 18

Survey Method

Answer 18

uses surveys to collect research

Question 19

Case Studies

Answer 19

Studies one individual to find universal principles

Question 20

Independent Variable

Answer 20

Causes something to happen. Variable that is manipulated

Question 21

Dependent Variable

Answer 21

Variable that is affected. Variable that is measured

Question 22

Random Sample

Answer 22

Each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. If the sample is not random, the sample is biased.

Question 23

Hypothesis

Answer 23

A testable prediction

Question 24

How many genes are in the human genome?

Answer 24

20,000-25,000

Question 25

Fraternal Twins

Answer 25

Born from 2 different eggs. Have different genes

Question 26

Identical Twins

Answer 26

Born from a split egg. Have identical genetics

Question 27

Norms

Answer 27

Understood rules for expected behavior. Comprised of the "expected behavior" of a group

Question 28

Chromosomes

Answer 28

46 (23 pairs)

Question 29

Collectivism

Answer 29

Group goals over personal goals. Individual needs are sacrificed for the good of the group.

Question 30

Individualism

Answer 30

Individual goals over group goals. Separate and independent.

Question 31

Heritability

Answer 31

The proportion of characteristics that are determined by genes.

Question 32

Nature

Answer 32

Characteristics determined by genetics

Question 33

Nurture

Answer 33

Properties determined by upbringing

Question 34

Organizational psychologist

Answer 34

use psychological concepts to help businesses. Explore how people and machines interact to minimize frustration

Question 35

Psychometrician

Answer 35

analyze and create standardized tests

Question 36

psychiatrist

Answer 36

diagnose and treat mental illnesses

Question 37

Scientific Method

Answer 37

technique using tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis to learn about the world

Question 38

Bias

Answer 38

situation in which a factor unfairly increases the likelihood of a researcher coming to a certain conclusion

Question 39

researcher bias

Answer 39

comes from researcher's point of view

Question 40

participant bias

Answer 40

tendency of research subject to respond in a certain way because they know they are being researched

Question 41

Confounding variable

Answer 41

anything that will mess up results

Question 42

double blind experiment

Answer 42

neither researcher or participant are know what is happening

Question 43

Predisposition

Answer 43

the possibility of something through genetic code. the environment may trigger it

Question 44

Natural Selection

Answer 44

darwins principle that those traits contributing to the survival of the species will most likely be passed on to the next generation

Question 45

Peer influences

Answer 45

peer group is correlated with many behaviors