Chapter 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and volume

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

The amount of matter present (not the same as weight)

Question 3

Volume

Answer 3

The amount of space that something (matter) occupies

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

The capacity to do work

Question 5

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

AKA the Law of Conservation of Energy
states that matter cannot be created, nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another

Question 6

Physical state of solids

Answer 6

Definite volume and definite shape

Question 7

Physical state of liquids

Answer 7

Definite volume but indefinite shape

Question 8

Physical state of gas

Answer 8

Indefinite volume and indefinite shape

Question 9

Pure substance

Answer 9

A single type of matter that cannot be separated into other types by physical means

Question 10

Mixture

Answer 10

A physical combination of two or more pure substances, in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means
— this is a combination of elements connected by bonds

Question 13

T or F: do compounds have their own unique sets of properties?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 14

Has one distinct phase with uniform, composition, and properties throughout

Question 15

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 15

Contains visibly different phases, which have different properties and compositions

Question 16

Physical properties of matter

Answer 16

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed, without changing the basic identity of the substance

Question 17

Examples of physical properties

Answer 17

Color, odor, physical state, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness

Question 18

Physical change

Answer 18

Process in which a substance changes its physical appearance, but not its chemical composition
— no bonds are broken or formed

Question 19

Chemical properties of matter

Answer 19

Characteristic of a substance that describes the way, the substance undergoes, or resist change to form a new substance enter

Question 20

Chemical change

Answer 20

Process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition
— a chemical reaction must take place, and if it does, we can write a chemical equation for it

Question 21

SI

Answer 21

Aka the metric system, an international system of measurement developed in France

Question 22

SI base unit for length

Answer 22

Meter (m)

Question 23

SI base unit for mass

Answer 23

Kilogram (kg)

Question 24

SI base unit for time

Answer 24

Second (s)

Question 25

SI base unit for temperature

Answer 25

Kelvin (K)

Question 26

Kilo-

Answer 26

1000 (k)

Question 27

Centi-

Answer 27

100 (c)

Question 28

Milli-

Answer 28

1000 (m)

Question 29

Micro-

Answer 29

1×10^6 (u)

Question 30

Nano-

Answer 30

1 x 10^9 (n)

Question 31

1 cm^3 (cubic centimeter or cc) = what in liquids?

Answer 31

1 mL

Question 32

Precision

Answer 32

Degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quality – precision is reproducibility

Question 33

The more digits or decimal places that go out,

Answer 33

the less uncertainty there is about the measurement, and the more precise the measurement will be

Question 34

Accuracy

Answer 34

Degree of agreement of a value with the true or accepted value

Question 35

Sig fig rules: leading zeros

Answer 35

Never significant

Question 36

Sig fig rules: internal zeros

Answer 36

Always significant

Question 37

Sig fig rules: trailing zeros

Answer 37

After the decimal -> significant Before the decimal -> *not* significant

Question 38

Sig figs: multiplication and division

Answer 38

The number of sig figs in the result = the number of *sig figs* in least precise measurement used in the calculation

Question 39

Sig figs: addition and subtraction

Answer 39

The number of sig figs in the result = the number of *decimal places* in the least accurate measurement

Question 40

Conversion factor

Answer 40

A ratio that specifies how one unit of measurement is related to another – always come in pairs

Question 41

Density

Answer 41

The ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object

Question 42

Density =

Answer 42

Mass / volume

Question 43

Common units for density

Answer 43

g/cm^3 for solids g/mL for liquids

Question 44

Kelvin (K) =

Answer 44

Degrees C + 273.15 — no negative K exists

Question 45

Scientific method

Answer 45

Observations and measurements -> hypothesis -> experiment -> model or theory -> further experiment