Chapter 1

Question 1

Types of statistics

Answer 1

Descriptive & Inference

Question 2

What’s descriptive statistic?

Answer 2

Involves the collection, organization, summarization and presentation of the data.

Question 3

What’s inference statistic?

Answer 3

Consist of generalizing from samples to population.

Question 4

What’s Data?

Answer 4

Collections of observations

Question 5

What’s population and sample?

Answer 5

Population : The complete collection of all the individuals to be studied

Sample : Collection selected from a population

Question 6

A graduate student conduct a research study on undergraduate student smoking habit. She begins with a survey to 500 randomly selected undergraduate students from 10 randomly selected universities. The 500 students form a sample or population?

Answer 6

Sample

Question 7

A graduate student conduct a research study on on undergraduate student smoking habit. She begins with a survey to 500 randomly selected undergraduate students from 10 randomly selected universities. The undergraduate students from universities form a sample or population?

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

What’s a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population?

Answer 8

Parameter

” Mean and standard deviation are both parameters”

Question 9

What’s a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample?

Answer 9

Statistics

” The sample mean and the sample standard deviation are both statistics”

Question 10

In studying the loggerhead turtle, scientists observe the average mean number of hatchling in all 253 nests. Is the given value a parameter or statistics?

Answer 10

Parameter because “ population “

Question 11

A sample of batteries lasted an average mean of 9 days. Is the given value a parameter or statistics?

Answer 11

Statistics “sample “

Question 12

Any quantity that varies. Can have different values

Answer 12

Variables

Question 13

Two types of variables

Answer 13

Qualitative & Quantitative

Question 14

Consist of names or labels representing categories

Answer 14

Qualitative

Question 15

Consist of numbers representing counts or measurements

Answer 15

Quantitive

Question 16

Types of qualitative

Answer 16

Nominal & Ordinal

Question 17

Types of quantitative variables

Answer 17

Continuous & Discrete

Question 18

Result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a countable number (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) z
Ex: The number of eggs that a hen lays. What kind of data?

Answer 18

Discrete Data

Question 19

Result from infinitely many possible values that covers a range of values without gaps, interpretations, jumps.
Ex : The amount of milk that a cow produce 2.3728282 gallons per day.
What kind of data?

Answer 19

Continuous Data

Question 20

The categories have no relation to each other and can’t be arranged in a specific order. Ex: blood groups and gender.
What kind of data?

Answer 20

Nominal Data

Question 21

Compare between dichotomous and multi-chotomous?

Answer 21

Dichotomous: there are only one of two alternatives of the nominal variables. “Gender”

Multi-chotomous : there are more than two categories. “ blood group”

Question 22

This kinds of variables have natural order or progression. Ex: low, middle, high. What kind of data?

Answer 22

Ordinal Data

Question 23

A sample of dall sheep is measured to have an average mean horn length of 35.7 inches. Is the given value a discrete or continuous?

Answer 23

Continuous

Question 24

The number of hatchlings from a sample of 45 bluebird nests is 135. Is the given value a discrete or continuous?

Answer 24

Discrete

Question 25

Four levels of measurement

Answer 25

Nominal level , ordinal level, interval level, ratio level.

Question 26

• Involves data that can be arranged in order • Differences between data values can't be measured Ex: Course grade " A, B, C, D"

Answer 26

Ordinal level

Question 27

• Characterized by data that consist of names and labels. • The data can't be arranged in order Ex : survey responses such as yes or no

Answer 27

Nominal level of measurement

Question 28

• The data arranged in order • Differences between datas are meaningful • There's no natural zero starting point Ex : years 1000, 2000, 1888.

Answer 28

Interval Level Of Measurement

Question 29

• There's a natural starting point • Differences between data is are meaningful Ex : prices of books such as 0, 100, 50.

Answer 29

Ratio Level Of Measurement

Question 30

Doctors measure the weights in pounds of babies. What type of data selected? Ordinal, interval, nominal, ratio.

Answer 30

Ratio

Question 31

Scientists classify the four major desert using different regions: the great basin, the mohave, the Sonoran. What type of data is selected?

Answer 31

Nominal

Question 32

The income range of attendees at a research conference is gathered as upper middle and low levels. What type of data is selected?

Answer 32

Ordinal

Question 33

We obtain data from two sources

Answer 33

Observational and experiment

Question 34

Methods of sampling

Answer 34

Random Systematic Convenience Stratified Cluster Multistage

Question 35

Equal chance of being selected

Answer 35

Random sampling

Question 36

Select some starting point and then select every 3 rd kth element

Answer 36

Systematic sampling

Question 37

Use results that are easy to get

Answer 37

Convenience

Question 38

Divide the population to groups that share the same characteristics then draw a sample from each form

Answer 38

Stratified sampling

Question 39

Divide the population are into sections and randomly select some of these groups .Choose all members from selected group.

Answer 39

Cluster sampling

Question 40

Collect data by using combination of the Basic sampling methods

Answer 40

Multistage sampling

Question 41

To conduct a study of shareholders attitude. Lists of shareholder zip-codes is compiled. All shareholders from 20 different zip-codes are selected to be surveyed. The type of sampling is

Answer 41

Cluster

Question 42

To obtain a sample of pregnant women, a researcher contact her son's preschool. They type of sampling is

Answer 42

Convenience

Question 43

Biologists divide the regions where red foxes are found into the Australia, oriental, Ethiopian regions. They plan to follow 100 female from each region to find the average. The type of sampling is

Answer 43

Stratified sampling

Question 44

Types of studies and the differences between them

Answer 44

Cross sectional study : data is collected now Retrospective study : past Prospective : future