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Pharmacology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

the study of the biological effects of drugs

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2
Q

what are Adverse effects?

A

Drug effects, sometimes called side effects, that are not the desired therapeutic effects. Can be unpleasant or dangerous

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3
Q

What is a brand name?

A

A brand name given to a drug given by the pharmaceutical company that developed it: also called a trade name or proprietary name

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4
Q

what is a chemical name?

A

Name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug

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5
Q

What are drugs?

A

Chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about change

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6
Q

What is the FDA (food and Drug Administration)?

A

Federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies

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7
Q

Generic Drugs

A

Drugs sold by their generic name, not brand or trade name

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8
Q

Generic name drugs

A

The original designation a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process

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9
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

Process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria to produce a chemical to be used as a drug

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10
Q

What are Orphan Drugs

A

Drugs that have been discovered but would not have been profitable for a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would only treat a small number of people. These orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop

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11
Q

What are OTC (over the counter) Drugs

A

Drugs that are available without a prescription for self treatment of a variety of complaints.

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12
Q

What is a Phase I study?

A

A pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers

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13
Q

What is a Phase II study?

A

A clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat. Patients must provide informed consent

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14
Q

What is a phase III study?

A

Use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat

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15
Q

What is a phase IV study

A

Continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing

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16
Q

What are preclinical trials

A

Initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential:uses laboratory animals not human subjects

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17
Q

what do we mean by teratogenic

A

having an adverse affect on a fetus

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18
Q

What is Pharmacotherapeutics

A

clinical pharmacology- The branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose disease

19
Q

What are the nurses responsibilities relating to pharmacology

A
  • Administering drugs
  • Assessing drug effects
  • Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
  • Providing patient education
  • Monitoring patient care plan to prevent errors
20
Q

Pregnancy categories indicate a drug’s potential or actual teratogenic effects.

TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

21
Q

Phase 1 clinical studies study the effect of a drug on patients with the disease

TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

22
Q

The generic name of a drug is the name given to the drug by the manufacturer

TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

23
Q

———– are used during the pre-clinical trials to test the effects of drugs on live tissue

A

Laboratory Animals

24
Q

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency that regulates the development and sale of drugs in the United States

TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

25
Q

Controlled Drugs are divided into how many schedules by the DEA based on their potential for abuse or dependence

A

5

26
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose diseases.

TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

27
Q

——–drugs are helpful in treating rare diseases and have not been “adopted” by any drug companies.

A

Orphan

28
Q

Over the counter (OTC) drugs can be purchased without a

A

Prescription

29
Q

The Federal Food and Cosmetic Act of 1938 established procedures for ——– new drugs

A

Introducing

30
Q

Name the 8 rights of medication

A
  • Right Patient
  • Right Drug
  • Right Storage
  • Right Route
  • Right dose
  • Right Preparation/Storage
  • Right Time
  • Right Recording
31
Q

What are the categories for safety of drugs during pregnancy?

A

A, B, C, D, X

32
Q

Which Drug category is considered the lowest harm during pregnancy?

A

Category A

33
Q

Which Category of Drugs is considered the most dangerous during pregnancy?

A

Category X

34
Q

What does DEA controlled schedule I mean?

A

High abuse potential, no acceptable medical use (E.G Heroin)

35
Q

What does DEA controlled schedule II Mean?

A

high abuse potential, severe dependance liability. (narcotics, amphetamines, barbituates)

36
Q

What does DEA schedule III Mean?

A

Less abuse potential than schedule II, moderate dependence liabililty

37
Q

What does DEA schedule IV Mean?

A

Less abuse potential than schedule III, limited abuse potential

38
Q

What does DEA schedule V Mean?

A

Limited abuse potential

39
Q

What are generic drugs?

A

Chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the manufacturing of the drugs

40
Q

What is the name of the act that gave the FDA regulatory authority over Drugs in 1962?

A

Kefauver-Harris Act 1962

41
Q

What do we mean by grandfathered drugs?

A

Drugs that have been in circulation longer than current regulatory laws

42
Q

What are some disadvantages of OTC drugs?

A
  • They can mask symptons of existing conditions, making diagnosis difficult
  • They can interact with prescription drugs, interfering with prescribed regime
  • Patient misunderstanding of directions can result in odverdose
43
Q

What information is on the Drug label?

A
  • Brand Name
  • Generic Name
  • Dosage
  • Expiration Date
  • FDA pregnancy risk category
  • Therapeutic drug class
  • Action of drug on body
  • Indications
  • Condraindications and cautions
44
Q

What forms part of the nurson assessment when discussing a new drug ?

A
  • Medical History
  • Dietary History
  • Current prescribed and OTC medications/supplements
  • Physical Assessments (CNS, CV, Respiratory, skin, GI)
  • Allergies to medications or other known allergies
  • Baseline vitals
  • Weight

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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