Chapter 1

Question 1

Define Pharmacology

Answer 1

the study of the biological effects of drugs

Question 2

what are Adverse effects?

Answer 2

Drug effects, sometimes called side effects, that are not the desired therapeutic effects. Can be unpleasant or dangerous

Question 3

What is a brand name?

Answer 3

A brand name given to a drug given by the pharmaceutical company that developed it: also called a trade name or proprietary name

Question 4

what is a chemical name?

Answer 4

Name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug

Question 5

What are drugs?

Answer 5

Chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about change

Question 6

What is the FDA (food and Drug Administration)?

Answer 6

Federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies

Question 7

Generic Drugs

Answer 7

Drugs sold by their generic name, not brand or trade name

Question 8

Generic name drugs

Answer 8

The original designation a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process

Question 9

What is genetic engineering

Answer 9

Process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria to produce a chemical to be used as a drug

Question 10

What are Orphan Drugs

Answer 10

Drugs that have been discovered but would not have been profitable for a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would only treat a small number of people. These orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop

Question 11

What are OTC (over the counter) Drugs

Answer 11

Drugs that are available without a prescription for self treatment of a variety of complaints.

Question 12

What is a Phase I study?

Answer 12

A pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers

Question 13

What is a Phase II study?

Answer 13

A clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat. Patients must provide informed consent

Question 14

What is a phase III study?

Answer 14

Use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat

Question 15

What is a phase IV study

Answer 15

Continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing

Question 16

What are preclinical trials

Answer 16

Initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential:uses laboratory animals not human subjects

Question 17

what do we mean by teratogenic

Answer 17

having an adverse affect on a fetus

Question 18

What is Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 18

clinical pharmacology- The branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose disease

Question 19

What are the nurses responsibilities relating to pharmacology

Answer 19

• Administering drugs
• Assessing drug effects
• Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
• Providing patient education
• Monitoring patient care plan to prevent errors

Question 20

Pregnancy categories indicate a drug’s potential or actual teratogenic effects.

TRUE/FALSE

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Phase 1 clinical studies study the effect of a drug on patients with the disease

TRUE/FALSE

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

The generic name of a drug is the name given to the drug by the manufacturer

TRUE/FALSE

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

———– are used during the pre-clinical trials to test the effects of drugs on live tissue

Answer 23

Laboratory Animals

Question 24

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency that regulates the development and sale of drugs in the United States

TRUE/FALSE

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Controlled Drugs are divided into how many schedules by the DEA based on their potential for abuse or dependence

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose diseases. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

--------drugs are helpful in treating rare diseases and have not been "adopted" by any drug companies.

Answer 27

Orphan

Question 28

Over the counter (OTC) drugs can be purchased without a

Answer 28

Prescription

Question 29

The Federal Food and Cosmetic Act of 1938 established procedures for -------- new drugs

Answer 29

Introducing

Question 30

Name the 8 rights of medication

Answer 30

* Right Patient * Right Drug * Right Storage * Right Route * Right dose * Right Preparation/Storage * Right Time * Right Recording

Question 31

What are the categories for safety of drugs during pregnancy?

Answer 31

A, B, C, D, X

Question 32

Which Drug category is considered the lowest harm during pregnancy?

Answer 32

Category A

Question 33

Which Category of Drugs is considered the most dangerous during pregnancy?

Answer 33

Category X

Question 34

What does DEA controlled schedule I mean?

Answer 34

High abuse potential, no acceptable medical use (E.G Heroin)

Question 35

What does DEA controlled schedule II Mean?

Answer 35

high abuse potential, severe dependance liability. (narcotics, amphetamines, barbituates)

Question 36

What does DEA schedule III Mean?

Answer 36

Less abuse potential than schedule II, moderate dependence liabililty

Question 37

What does DEA schedule IV Mean?

Answer 37

Less abuse potential than schedule III, limited abuse potential

Question 38

What does DEA schedule V Mean?

Answer 38

Limited abuse potential

Question 39

What are generic drugs?

Answer 39

Chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the manufacturing of the drugs

Question 40

What is the name of the act that gave the FDA regulatory authority over Drugs in 1962?

Answer 40

Kefauver-Harris Act 1962

Question 41

What do we mean by grandfathered drugs?

Answer 41

Drugs that have been in circulation longer than current regulatory laws

Question 42

What are some disadvantages of OTC drugs?

Answer 42

* They can mask symptons of existing conditions, making diagnosis difficult * They can interact with prescription drugs, interfering with prescribed regime * Patient misunderstanding of directions can result in odverdose

Question 43

What information is on the Drug label?

Answer 43

* Brand Name * Generic Name * Dosage * Expiration Date * FDA pregnancy risk category * Therapeutic drug class * Action of drug on body * Indications * Condraindications and cautions

Question 44

What forms part of the nurson assessment when discussing a new drug ?

Answer 44

* Medical History * Dietary History * Current prescribed and OTC medications/supplements * Physical Assessments (CNS, CV, Respiratory, skin, GI) * Allergies to medications or other known allergies * Baseline vitals * Weight