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Biol 389-Immuno > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

immune response

A

mechanisms used by organisms to defend themselves against microorganisms or foreign particles

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2
Q

immunity

A

state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen

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3
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

states diseases caused by seed-like entities transmitted by in/direct contact, contributed to germ theory

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4
Q

germ theory

A

diseases caused by pathogens

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5
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms with potential to cause disease

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6
Q

agostino bassi

A

silk worms by fungi

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7
Q

ignaz semmelweis

A

child bed fever and its transmissible

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8
Q

louis pasteur

A

identified causative organisms

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9
Q

robert koch

A

koch postulates

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10
Q

edward jenner

A

developed smallpox vaccine from cowpox disease

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11
Q

Paul ehrich

A

granulocytes

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12
Q

Ilya mechnikov

A

white blood cells capable of phagocytosis

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13
Q

emil von behring and shibasaburo kitasato

A

antibody discovery

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14
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

cause diseases only when the immune system is not functioning properly or enters a site where it can grow uncontrollably

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15
Q

extracellular pathogens

A

outside the cells of organisms infected

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16
Q

intracellular pathogens

A

mainly reside within organisms cells

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17
Q

physcial barriers

A

skin and mucosa

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18
Q

innate immunity

A

non-specific present from birth

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19
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific immunity learned after coming in contact with a pathogen

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20
Q

antigens

A

substances recognized as foreign from ones self

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21
Q

B cells

A

immune cells that use cell surface protein, immunoglobulin, to bind and recognize an antigen

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22
Q

humoral immunity

A

immunity from antibodies directly

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23
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

indirectly recognizes unidentified pathogens

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24
Q

T cells

A

immune cells that use cell T-cell receptor protein to bind and recognize an antigen

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25
self-antigens
components of normal tissue that stimulate an immune response
26
tolerance
inactivation of immune response to self during B and T cell development
27
skin epithelium and mucous membranes
prevent entry of pathogens flush and replenish destructive components
28
defensives
antimicrobial peptides secreted from epithelial cells
29
microbiota
collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit a body
30
granulocytes
contain granules within cytoplasm
31
neutrophils
specialize in phagocytosis, ~70% white blood cells
32
eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
rash, inflammatory signal
33
agranulocytes
do not contain granules in the cytoplasm
34
lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
35
monocytes
differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages
36
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells produces erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and leukocytes
37
progenitor cells
hematopoietic stem cells differentiated for a specific cell line
38
myeloid progenitor
innate immunity and antigen presentation granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells
39
NK
natural killer
40
antigen-presenting cells
engulfing material into peptides present at surface for T cells
41
macrophages
long living cells specialize in phagocytosis
42
apoptosis
programmed cell death
43
cytokines
signaling molecules of immune response
44
Dendritic cells
phagocytosis and pathogen destruction link innate and adaptive response antigen uptake process many pathogens
45
lymphoid progenitor innate cells
ILCs and NK cells
46
innate lymphoid cells (ILC)
secrete cytokines to activate innate immune cells
47
natural killer (NK) cells
prevent viral infections recognize and destroy cells secrete cytokines to minimize viral replication
48
cytotoxic t cells
attack pathogen-infected cells from t cells
49
helper t cells
activate other cells from t cells
50
plasma cells
from b cells produce antibodies that bind and neutralize pathogens and toxins
51
inflammation
increased fluid at the site of infection when innate immune system cells recognize and release cytokines or mediators
52
inflammatory mediators
vasodilation secretion of proteins recruit leukocytes at infection site move dendritic cells and antigens to lymphoid tissue fever
53
fever
rise in temperature caused by cytokines and inflammatory mediators lowers rate of replication for many pathogens increase adaptive immune response activity
54
clonal selection
recognition of antigen from highly specific T call and B cell receptors
55
clonal expansion
cell proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells
56
effector cells
daughter cells that recognize the same antigen
57
memory cells
long lived cells capable of activation if exposed to the same pathogen
58
primary lymphoid tissues
sites where lymphocytes develop and mature bone marrow thymus
59
bone marrow
b and t cells produced b cells mature
60
thymus
t cells develop and mature
61
secondary lymphoid tissue
where antigen from pathogens is presented and lymphocytes are activated in response lymph nodes spleen tonsils peyers patches
62
lymph nodes
connect between circulatory and lymphatic systems drain extracellular fluid lymph from tissues to blood facilitating antigen presentation and activation of adaptive immune response contain lymphoid follicles
63
lymphoid follicles
t cell and b cell region dendritic cells present to t cells in to cell are to effector cells effector cells migrate to lymphoid follicles to activate v cells
64
spleen
macrophages and dendritic cells reside in stream important for bloodborne pathogens activate t cells and be cells
65
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
digestive, respirator, urogenital tracts gain antigens for presentation to lymphocytes through M cells
66
hypersensitivity reactions
allergies activate granulocytes, induce localized symptoms to expel allergen over rambunctious
67
autoimmune diseases
b cell and t cells that recognize self-molecules enter circulatory and lymphatic systems cause inflammation or destruction of tissue too much
68
immunodefeciencies
lack of immune system function inherited through genetic mutation acquired through envirn
69
immunodefeciencies
lack of immune system function inherited through genetic mutation acquired through environmental factors or infection immune cells cant mount proper response not enoug
70
immunodeficiencies
lack of immune system function inherited through genetic mutation acquired through environmental factors or infection immune cells cant mount proper response not enough
71
cancer
immune system cant detect mutation changes as foreign and eliminate cells that acquire them
72
What part of our immune defenses is involved in making antibodies?
humoral immunity
73
Which can arise from both the lymphoid and myeloid cell lines?
dendritic cells
74
Which of these is not a secondary lymphoid tissue?
thymus
75
Who developed a vaccine for smallpox?
Pasteur
76
What cells of the innate immune response eliminate virally infected host cells?
NK cells
77
Which is true of our innate immunity?
it is non-specific
78
Who discovered that silkworm disease can be caused by a fungus?
Bassi

Biol 389-Immuno (5 decks)

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