Chapter 1

Question 1

Puberty

Answer 1

A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that take place primarily in adolescence

Question 2

Puberty variations

Answer 2

Regions of the World, Heredity, Socioeconomic class, Ethnic group, Historical era, Environment

Question 3

Endocrine System

Answer 3

a feedback loop develops involving the: Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, gonads

Question 4

Hypothalamus

Answer 4

part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, and where there is a concentration of GnRH neurons. It inhibits the pituitary gland

Question 5

Pituitary gland

Answer 5

When signaled by the hypothalamus, it signals the gonads to release more sex hormones

Question 6

Gonads

Answer 6

When signaled by the hypothalamus, it releases sex hormones. (testes in males, ovaries in females)

Question 7

Sex hormones

Answer 7

androgens - mostly males and estrogens - mostly females

Question 8

Adrenarche

Answer 8

when your body gets ready for puberty by your adrenal glands getting more mature

Question 9

Three Chief Physical Manifestations of Puberty

Answer 9

1. Growth Spurt
2. Further development of the sex glands
3. Development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

Development of secondary sex characteristics

Answer 10

• pubic hair
• changes in appearance of sex organs
• Breast development
• Changes in body composition
• Changes in circulation and respiration

Question 11

Earlier Puberty

Answer 11

• Hereditary
• Diet
• Emotional stress

Question 12

Physical developments affect

Answer 12

• teen behavior
• how teens feel about themselves
• how teens are treated by others

Question 13

Psychological and social impact of Puberty

Answer 13

Self-esteem, mood, relationships with parents, sleep patterns, growing sense of uniqueness and independence, connection with peers

Question 14

Social context that impacts teens

Answer 14

• gender identity
• ethnic group

Question 15

Moodiness

Answer 15

linked to activities, adolescents are more vulnerable to stress, o

Question 16

Association between hormones and mood

Answer 16

Strongest at puberty onset when hormone levels are fluctuating rapidly, but its very weak

Question 17

Developmental differences

Answer 17

Moodiness may be more characteristic in adolescence than adulthood but it is no more characteristic of adolescence than childhood

Question 18

Sleep Changes

Answer 18

Related to biological changes of puberty and the environment, and delayed phase preference

Question 19

Delayed phase preference

Answer 19

a patten of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty, driven by the biological changes of puberty and is seen in other mammals, the time that maleatonin starts to rise gets later and later

Question 20

Health benefits of later school start times

Answer 20

• it eradicates negative effects on physical, mental, and emotional health for your who don’t get enough sleep

Question 21

Parental relationships

Answer 21

Disrupts patterns with family members because teens want more influence in family decision-making, There is more intensity of conflict among teen and parents, leads to egalitarian family relationship

Question 22

Reaction to pubertal changes

Answer 22

mostly positive especially with secondary sex characteristics

Question 23

Reactions to menarche

Answer 23

varied but less negative than in the past

Question 24

Cross-sectional study

Answer 24

groups compared at different stages of puberty

Question 25

Longitudinal study

Answer 25

same adolescents tracked over time

Question 26

age vs. rate

Answer 26

there is no relationship between the age and rate of puberty

Question 27

Secular Trend

Answer 27

the tendency for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, and is more dramatic in females

Question 28

Secular trend reasons

Answer 28

because of better sanitation, health, nutrition, and infectious diseases

Question 29

Basal Metabolism rate

Answer 29

the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state, this drop about 15% during puberty

Question 30

Body Mass Index

Answer 30

a way to measure an individual's body fat, the ratio of weight to height

Question 31

Disordered eating

Answer 31

is a mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes

Question 32

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 32

an eating disorder found mostly in young women and is characterized by dramatic and severe weight loss

Question 33

Bulimia

Answer 33

An eating disorder found mostly in young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

Question 34

Binge Eating disorder

Answer 34

An eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

Question 35

Variation in timing and tempo of puberty

Answer 35

Group differences, Individual differences, and genetic influences

Question 36

Variations for group puberty

Answer 36

Industrialized vs. developing nations, Socioeconomic status, and historical era

Question 37

Variations because of genetic influences

Answer 37

Predisposition to mature at a particular time/ rate

Question 38

Variations because of individual differences

Answer 38

nutrition and health, social/environmental influences, sex

Question 39

2 years

Answer 39

on average, female growth spurt is __ __ before male growth spurt

Question 40

pheromones

Answer 40

exposure to ____ from unrelated males can accelerate female pubertal development

Question 41

Maturational Deviance

Answer 41

feeling different associated with increased psychological distress

Question 42

Developmental readiness

Answer 42

later maturing teens have more time to prepare psychologically for pubertal changes

Question 43

Perception

Answer 43

more influential than actual