CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
(55 cards)
STATE WHAT POLITICAL SETTING IT IS AT THE TIME BEFORE JESUS:
The return of the Diaspora Jews
Post-exilic Palestine
STATE WHAT POLITICAL SETTING IT IS AT THE TIME BEFORE JESUS:
Conquest of Alexander the Great
Greek Domination
Judah, the
people of Israel, after learning the hard
lessons from their infidelity and
disobedience to God, resolved to keep
their identity by observing the
commandments, and avoiding
contamination from any foreign and pagan
worship.
The return of the Diaspora Jews
The Greeks at the reign of the young conqueror Alexander the Great advanced to the Near East, invaded lands, subjected its territories to Greek rule, and spread Greek culture on the entire ____________________________ world.
Mediterranean
POLITICAL POWERS THAT RULED PALESTINE
(Prior to the fall of Jerusalem)
- Greek Domination
- Hasmoneans
- Herod and Sons
- Roman Rule
State the 7 Hellenistic Influence
ANCIENT GREEK THINKERS, UNIVERSAL INFLUENCE, GREEK RELIGION, GREEK CONQUEST, TEMPLE DESECRATION, MACCABEAN REVOLT
In the history of thought, the Greeks were known for
their intellectual giants like Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle. They are dedicated in finding universal truth.
ANCIENT GREEK THINKERS
The Greeks left the Romans and Jews a system of
“Polis” or an alternative political system and Latin
language.
UNIVERSAL INFLUENCE
The Greeks worship a variety of Gods
(polytheism) – such as Zeus, Hera, Hermes
and Poseidon. Such religious tradition rans into
conflict with the Jewish peoples’ core
monotheistic belief of their God, YHWH.
GREEK RELIGION
After Alexander the Great’s death, his empire
was divided into various territories among his
leading generals. The Seleucids ruled Syria
known as Syrian Greeks. Disrespectful of the
Jewish identity and worship, the Syrian Greeks
sacked Jerusalem and desecrated their
beloved Temple.
GREEK CONQUEST
They even went so far as to build the Greek
god Zeus in the holy of holies, the most sacred
part of the Temple.
TEMPLE DESECRATION
Offended and insulted beyond words because
of the Greek’s desecration, the Jewish people
collectively responded in a revolt against the
Greeks, a war remembered in history as the
_____________________.
Maccabean Revolt
(Named after its courageous Jewish leader,
Judas Maccabeus, and recalled in the Book of
Maccabees).
MACCABEAN REVOLT
History favored the Jews, and enabled them to
redeem the temple, their pride, and
independence
MACCABEAN REVOLT
But the long-awaited independence from the Greek rule which the Jews regained after the Maccabean revolt became a short-lived freedom. The ____________ entered into the scene to settle a rivalry with the Hasmonean
leadership.
Romans
Led by Pompey: Pompey Magnus is the great military rival of Julius Caesar
PALESTINE UNDER ROMAN RULE
Roman legions arrived in Palestine as ostensible
peacemakers, invited to settle a dynastic dispute
between two brothers contending for the
Hasmonean throne.
PALESTINE UNDER ROMAN RULE
John Hycarnus II appealed to Rome for help in
ousting his younger sibling, ________________, who
have made himself both priest and king
Aristobulus II
After overthrowing Aristobulus, Pompey
installed John Hycarnus II as ________ and
_________ (provincial governor) over a Jewish
state.
high priest; ethnarch
Due to this compromise made by Hycarnus II,
Palestine from that time on, made itself a mere
subject, and territory of the mighty __________________.
Roman Empire
Appointed by Rome and took the throne after
John Hycarnus’ death.
HEROD THE GREAT
is an Idumean and
this had displeased the Jews. For them, he
the great is a foreigner
HEROD THE GREAT
For them an Idumean is unworthy to rule due to
negative past historical perception (Idumeans
who resorted to ___________ in the past, thus,
they were labelled as ritually unclean and
unfaithful people.
pagan worship
Herod has no choice but to win the favor and acceptance of his people. He attempted to appease the Jewish rejection by forging an apparent stability of peace. And by offering the Jews a magnificent structure. What structure is this?
The restoration of the great temple of Solomon
