Chapter 1 Flashcards
Tree of Life
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Archea
Important traits of Prokaryotes
- No nucleus
- non-membrane bound organelles
- asexual reproduction
- circular DNA
Important Traits of Eukaryotes
- nucleus
- membrane-bound organelles
- asexual/ sexual reproduction
- linear DNA
a phospholipid bilayer that regulates the flow of material into and out of the cell (traffic stop)
Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
site of metabolic reactions (cytoplasm without organelles)
Jobs of the nucleus
replication and transcription
Endoplasmic Reticulum
involved in protein/lipid synthesis
also folds proteins
Golgi Apparatus
packages and folds proteins
distributes proteins throughout cell
Peroxisomes
use hydrogen peroxide to break down toxic materials
lysosomes
break down macromolecules/ old organelles also site of intercellular digestion
mitochondria
site of ATP production, powerhouse of the cell, have their own DNA
Chloroplasts
two membranes, site of photosynthesis, only in plant cells, and they have their own DNA
Endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria/ chloroplasts were formerly prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells
Evidence that supports endosymbiotic theory
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA
- DNA is circular like bacteria
- cell cannot remake them
- membrane composition is similar to bacteria
viruses
- cannot reproduce alone
- outer protein coat
- protected interior that contains genetic material
