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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of the behavior and mental processes

A

PSYCHOLOGY

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2
Q

PSYCHOLOGY COMES FROM THE GREEK WORDS?

A

PSYCHE = LIFE
LOGOS = EXPLANATION

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3
Q

Outward or overt actions
and reactions

A

BEHAVIOR

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4
Q

Internal, covert
activity of our minds

A

MENTAL PROCESSES

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5
Q

4 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

A
  1. DESCRIPTION
  2. EXPLANATION
  3. PREDICTION
  4. CONTROL
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6
Q

General explanation of a set of
observations or facts

A

THEORY

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7
Q

Approach in psychology focused on the structure or basic elements of the mind

A

STRUCTURALISM

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8
Q

Father of Psychology?

A

WILHELM WUNDT

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9
Q

What technique does Wundt developed?

A

OBJECTIVE INSTROPECTION

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10
Q

Where and when is Wundt’s psych lab?

A

GERMANY, 1879

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11
Q

The process of objectively
examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

A

OBJECTIVE INSTROPECTION

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12
Q

Wundt’s student; brought structuralism to America

A

EDWARD TITCHENER

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13
Q

Structuralism died out in the early _______

A

1990s

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14
Q

How the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

A

FUNCTIONALISM

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15
Q

Functionalism was proposed by?

A

WILLIAM JAMES

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16
Q

“The whole is greater than the
sum of its parts”

A

GESTALT

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17
Q

Also called as the “good figure” psychology

A

GESTALT

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18
Q

Who started Gestalt

A

WERTHEIMER WHO STUDIED SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

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19
Q

Gestalt ideas is now part of the?

A

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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20
Q

Field focusing not only on
perception but also on learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving

A

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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21
Q

Theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

A

PSYCHOANALYSIS

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22
Q

Freud’s patients suffered from _________________ with no apparent physical cause

A

NERVOUS DISORDERS

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23
Q

Who proposed the existence of an unconscious (unaware) mind into which we push—or repress—our threatening urges and desires

A

SIGMUND FREUD

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24
Q

Science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. It must be directly seen and measured

A

BEHAVIORISM

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25
Q

Who proposed behaviorism?

A

JOHN B. WATSON

26
Q

Who conducted Little Albert experiment?

A

JOHN B. WATSON

27
Q

Modern version of psychoanalysis

A

Psychodynamic perspective

28
Q

Perspective focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual
motivations

A

Psychodynamic perspective

29
Q

Behavioral perspective was by?

A

B.F SKINNER

30
Q

Who studied operant conditioning of voluntary behavior?

A

B.F SKINNER

31
Q

This perspective became a major force in the twentieth century

A

BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE

32
Q

Owes far more to the early roots of psychology in the field of philosophy. People have free will: the freedom to choose their own destiny

A

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

33
Q

Early founders of Humanistic Perspective?

A

ABRAHAM MASLOW and CARL ROGERS

34
Q

Emphasizes the human potential, the ability of each person to become the best person he or she could be

A

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

35
Q

Achieving one’s full potential or
actual self

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

36
Q

Perspective focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

A

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

37
Q

Perspective focuses on the relationship between social
behavior and culture

A

SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

38
Q

Attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system

A

BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

39
Q

Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share. Looks at the way the mind works and why it works as it does. Behavior seen as having an adaptive or survival value

A

EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY

40
Q

Professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. Can do counseling, teaching, and research; may specialize in any one of a large number of areas within psychology

A

PSYCHOLOGIST

41
Q

Doing psychometrics

A

PSYCHOMETRICIAN

42
Q

Medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. They can prescribe medication to patients with
psychological disorder

A

PSYCHIATRIST

43
Q

System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced

A

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

44
Q

Observation in which watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment

A

NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION

45
Q

Tendency of people or animals to behave differently when they know they are being observed

A

OBSERVER EFFECT

46
Q

a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed (to reduce observer effect)

A

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

47
Q

Tendency of observers to see
what they expect to see

A

OBSERVER BIAS

48
Q

People who do not know what the research question is (to reduce observer bias)

A

BLIND OBSERVER

49
Q

Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory setting

A

LABORATORY OBSERVATION

50
Q

Study of one individual in great detail advantage

A

CASE STUDY

51
Q

Researchers ask a series of questions about the topic under study

A

SURVEY

52
Q

Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

A

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

53
Q

The entire group of people or
animals in which the researcher is interested

A

POPULATION

54
Q

Measure of the relationship between two variables

A

CORRELATION

55
Q

Anything that can change or vary

A

VARIABLE

56
Q

A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see whether corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause and-effect relationships

A

EXPERIMENT

57
Q

Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured

A

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

58
Q

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter

A

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

59
Q

The variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment

A

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

60
Q

Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable

A

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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