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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

The scientific study of the behavior and mental processes

A

PSYCHOLOGY

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2
Q

PSYCHOLOGY COMES FROM THE GREEK WORDS?

A

PSYCHE = LIFE
LOGOS = EXPLANATION

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3
Q

Outward or overt actions
and reactions

A

BEHAVIOR

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4
Q

Internal, covert
activity of our minds

A

MENTAL PROCESSES

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5
Q

4 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

A
  1. DESCRIPTION
  2. EXPLANATION
  3. PREDICTION
  4. CONTROL
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6
Q

General explanation of a set of
observations or facts

A

THEORY

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7
Q

Approach in psychology focused on the structure or basic elements of the mind

A

STRUCTURALISM

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8
Q

Father of Psychology?

A

WILHELM WUNDT

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9
Q

What technique does Wundt developed?

A

OBJECTIVE INSTROPECTION

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10
Q

Where and when is Wundt’s psych lab?

A

GERMANY, 1879

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11
Q

The process of objectively
examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

A

OBJECTIVE INSTROPECTION

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12
Q

Wundt’s student; brought structuralism to America

A

EDWARD TITCHENER

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13
Q

Structuralism died out in the early _______

A

1990s

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14
Q

How the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

A

FUNCTIONALISM

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15
Q

Functionalism was proposed by?

A

WILLIAM JAMES

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16
Q

“The whole is greater than the
sum of its parts”

A

GESTALT

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17
Q

Also called as the “good figure” psychology

A

GESTALT

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18
Q

Who started Gestalt

A

WERTHEIMER WHO STUDIED SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

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19
Q

Gestalt ideas is now part of the?

A

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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20
Q

Field focusing not only on
perception but also on learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving

A

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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21
Q

Theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

A

PSYCHOANALYSIS

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22
Q

Freud’s patients suffered from _________________ with no apparent physical cause

A

NERVOUS DISORDERS

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23
Q

Who proposed the existence of an unconscious (unaware) mind into which we push—or repress—our threatening urges and desires

A

SIGMUND FREUD

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24
Q

Science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. It must be directly seen and measured

A

BEHAVIORISM

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25
Who proposed behaviorism?
JOHN B. WATSON
26
Who conducted Little Albert experiment?
JOHN B. WATSON
27
Modern version of psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic perspective
28
Perspective focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual motivations
Psychodynamic perspective
29
Behavioral perspective was by?
B.F SKINNER
30
Who studied operant conditioning of voluntary behavior?
B.F SKINNER
31
This perspective became a major force in the twentieth century
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
32
Owes far more to the early roots of psychology in the field of philosophy. People have free will: the freedom to choose their own destiny
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
33
Early founders of Humanistic Perspective?
ABRAHAM MASLOW and CARL ROGERS
34
Emphasizes the human potential, the ability of each person to become the best person he or she could be
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
35
Achieving one’s full potential or actual self
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
36
Perspective focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning
COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
37
Perspective focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
38
Attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system
BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
39
Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share. Looks at the way the mind works and why it works as it does. Behavior seen as having an adaptive or survival value
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
40
Professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. Can do counseling, teaching, and research; may specialize in any one of a large number of areas within psychology
PSYCHOLOGIST
41
Doing psychometrics
PSYCHOMETRICIAN
42
Medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. They can prescribe medication to patients with psychological disorder
PSYCHIATRIST
43
System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
44
Observation in which watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
45
Tendency of people or animals to behave differently when they know they are being observed
OBSERVER EFFECT
46
a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed (to reduce observer effect)
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
47
Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
OBSERVER BIAS
48
People who do not know what the research question is (to reduce observer bias)
BLIND OBSERVER
49
Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory setting
LABORATORY OBSERVATION
50
Study of one individual in great detail advantage
CASE STUDY
51
Researchers ask a series of questions about the topic under study
SURVEY
52
Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
53
The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested
POPULATION
54
Measure of the relationship between two variables
CORRELATION
55
Anything that can change or vary
VARIABLE
56
A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see whether corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause and-effect relationships
EXPERIMENT
57
Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
58
The variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
59
The variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
60
Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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