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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology is _

A

study of microbes that cause or do not cause disease

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2
Q

If a micro causes disease its classified as a _

A

pathogen

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3
Q

If a micro does not cause disease its classified as a _

A

free-living

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4
Q

The two main types of microbes are _

A

Cellular organisms & noncellular Entities

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5
Q

(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Bacteria is a ____,____

A

prokaryote
unicellular

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6
Q

(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Archaea is a ____,____

A

prokaryote
unicellular

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7
Q

(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Protists is a ____,____

A

Eukaryotes, uni- or multicellular

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8
Q

(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Fungi is a ____,____

A

Eukaryotes, uni- or multicellular

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9
Q

(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Helminths is a ____,____

A

Eukaryotes, multicellular

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10
Q

(noncellular entities) Viruses made up of _

A

protein and nucleic acid

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11
Q

(noncellular entities) Prions made up of_

A

proteins

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells are _(5)

A

no nucleus
no organelles
unicellular
small
asexual

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13
Q

Eukaryotic cells have _

A

a nucleus
organelles
uni or multicellular
small or large
asexual or sexual

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14
Q

Symbiosis is _. What are the three types?

A

two or more organisms living in close contact.

Mutualism (both benefit)

commensalism (one benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped)

parasitism (one benefits and the host is harmed)

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15
Q

The human body is the site of __(4)

A

1)normal microbiota
2)transient microbiota
3)opportunistic pathogens
4)true pathogens

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16
Q

normal microbiota are &. These live _

A

mutualists
commensals

in or on our body

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17
Q

Transient microbiota are _

A

temporary residents that can’t colonize

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18
Q

Opportunistic pathogens are _

A

normal microbes of our microbiota that can cause disease(Pathogens) when:

1)dysbiosis (disbalance e.g. vaginal yeast infection when taking antibiotics)

2)weakened immune system

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19
Q

True pathogens are _

A

microbes that cause disease in a host

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20
Q

Good news….Many infectious diseases are iradicated like _.These are preventable through _. They can also be _

A

smallpox, and polio(on the way)
vaccinations
treated with antibiotics

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21
Q

Emerging diseases are _& _

A

newly reported
increasing in number or incidents

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22
Q

reemerging is _

A

previously maintained but a increase in occurrence

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23
Q

Emerging and reemerging can lead to _(4)`

A

endemic disease (local outbreak… limited to certain regions e.g. S.W….. e.g.valley fever)

Sporadic disease (random outbreaks e.g. multiple different regions in U.S. e.g. typhoid fever)

epidemics (larger outbreak…more in populated areas… isolated to a country e.g. influenza)

pandemics (pan= all… allover the world e.g., AIDS

24
Q

Causes and spread of diseases include _(6)

A

1) neglected tropical diseases
2)travel
3)vectors
4)food producing practices
5)encroaching new territories
6)antibiotic resistance

25
Q

Antonie van leeuwenhoek _

A

improved microscope

26
Q

Abiogenesis is _

A

spontaneous generation (nonliving matter can give rise to living organisms)

27
Q

biogenesis is _

A

life comes from life

28
Q

maggots come from _

A

flies laying their eggs

29
Q

The purpose of of the S neck flask is that _

A

the microbes settle at the bottom of the tube and won’t contaminate the solution

30
Q

Sterilization _

A

the absence of microbial

31
Q

aseptic technique _

A

minimizes microbes

32
Q

Pasteurization _

A

brief high heat exposure to kill off many microbes

33
Q

Etiology means _

A

cause of disease

34
Q

Germ theory disease

A

microbes can cause disease

35
Q

Taxonomy is _

A

system of organizing, classifying, and organizing organisms

36
Q

binomial sysyem of nomenclature

A
37
Q

nom means _

A

name

38
Q

3 main domains are of organisms_

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

39
Q

After domains, there are _. There are _

A

Kingdoms(Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists)

6

40
Q

Taxonomy is ordered into D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S. The further you go down the more specific you get.

A

Domain (did)
Kingdom. (king)
Phylum (phillip)
Class (come)
Order (over)
Family (for)
Genus (good)
Species (spaghetti)

41
Q

After species, you can have _(3)

A

strains
subspecies
types

42
Q

Genus and species is always _

A

italicized…Genus is capitalized and species is lowercased

43
Q

(example) Escherichia Coli _…. after you type is out, the second time you appreciate (e.g., E. Coli)

A

-italicized
-latinized
-descriptive
-honorary

44
Q

Protists can be categorized(consists of either) as _

A

1) Protozoa (proto = first, zoa = anima…… first animal)
2) Algae (plant-like… can carry out photosynthesis)
3). Slime molds (fungus-like)

45
Q

Organisms in the same ______ are more closely related than are those in the same ______…(exam question)

A

Class
Phylum

46
Q

Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe except
mushroom
yeast
protozoan
bacterium
virus

A

mushroom

47
Q

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is

A

pathogen

48
Q

Which of the following is not a domain in the three-domain system?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Animalia

A

D

49
Q

Organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are organisms in the same ________.
A)phylum, genus
B)class, order
C)family, phylum
D)phylum, order

A

C

50
Q
A

D

51
Q
A

C

52
Q
A

E

53
Q
A

D

54
Q
A

D

55
Q
A

D

Microbiology (18 decks)

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