Chapter 1 Flashcards
(54 cards)
In what year did the British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming extracted Penicillum sp. mold thus called Penicillin?
1928
Who are the intellectuals that opposed Aristotle’s theory that states life emerges from non-living matter?
Lucretius, Girolamo Fracastoro
In 1668, he challenged the Theory of Spontaneous Generation through a demonstration that organisms did not spontaneously appear. Furthermore,
hypothesized that maggots come from flies.
Francesco Redi
He is a Dutch spectacle maker who first invented compound microscope which was more developed and popularized by Robert Hooke.
Zacharias Janssen
first person to use the word “cell” to identify microscopic structures when he was describing cork
Robert Hooke
Improved the compound microscope of Hooke, which made him become the first person to view living microorganisms, so tiny that they were invisible to the naked
eye, which he called “animalcule”.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
What is Louis Pasteur’s contribution regarding the debate of origin of organism?
Experimented beef broth through boiling them. Microorganisms were present in an unsealed boiled beef broth while boiled broth in a flask with seal was left uncontaminated. Demonstrating microorganisms were present in the air.
discovered the thermoresistant
phase of bacteria to boiling temperature
John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn
observed that communicable diseases were caused by invisible creatures called contagion be it by direct or indirect contact
Girolamo Fracastoro
promoted washing of hands for doctors
Ignaz Semmelweis
He suggested to filter and boil water before use, short after he suggested that a “cell” is causing the disease. He believed that cholera is transmitted by water
contaminated with waste of other cholera patients.
John Snow
What vaccines did Pasteur contribute?
fowl cholera, anthrax for small ruminants and rabies
elaborated the theory and practice of antiseptic surgery, which included washing the hands with carbolic acid to prevent infection
Joseph Lister
successfully linked a germ, Bacillus anthracis, to a specific infectious disease, anthrax; and Mycobacterium bacillus to tuberculosis which established the germ
theory of disease
Robert Koch
Koch’s Postulate
- The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy host.
- The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture from lesions of the disease.
- The isolated organism, in pure culture, when inoculated in suitable laboratory animals should produce a similar disease.
- The same microorganism must be isolated again in pure culture from the lesions produced in experimental animals.
- Antibodies specific to the
bacterium should be demonstrable in the serum of patient suffering from the disease
discovered smallpox vaccine by collecting scrapings from cowpox blisters (a much milder form of disease) and inoculated it into a child volunteer
Edward Jenner
Why is Virology a branch of microbiology despite of being non-cellular in nature?
(1) the techniques used to study viruses are microbiological in nature, and (2) the diagnostic procedures used are employed in microbiological laboratories
What year was binomial nomenclature invented? And by whom?
1735; Carl Linnaeus
What is the job of a taxonomist?
responsible in naming and classifying organisms based on its stability and predictability
consisting of bacteria with cell walls containing peptidoglycan
eubacteria
are prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
archaea
includes protists (protozoa, algae), fungi (yeasts, molds, mushrooms), plants, and animals
eukarya
cell shape, size (μm), and structure, special structures, cell arrangements, staining reactions and motility and flagellar arrangement
morphological characteristics
habitat and distribution of microorganism in nature, and interactions between and among species in natural environment
ecological characteristics
