chapter 1 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Anatomy Definition
The structure of body parts and their relationships to each other. (Greek - to cut apart)
Regional Anatomy
The whole body
Systemic Anatomy
discussing one of the systems
Physiology Definition
The function of the body; how the body works and carries out activities.
Anatomy and Physiology
Function (Physiology) always reflects structure (anatomy).
Body organization order
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
(Char) Keep internal and external environments separate.
Maintaining Boundaries. Ex- Integumentary system (skin) keeps the entire body enclosed.
(Char) Activities promoted by the muscular system
Movement. Ex - Blood, urine and food are moved throughout the body.
(Char) The ability to sense changes in the environment and the respond to them
Responsiveness (excitability)
(Char) The breaking down of ingested foods to the simplest molecules that can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all of the cells
Digestion
(Char) Chemical reactions the occur within the body cells. Controlled largely by hormones
Metabolism
Breaking down substances to simpler building blocks
Catabolism (metabolism)
Building more complex structures from simple substances
Anabolism (metabolism)
(Char) The process of removing wastes from the body
Excretion
(Char) The making of offspring. Sexual/asexual
Reproduction. Ex - Mitosis, meiosis, birth
(Char) An increase in size of a body part or entire organism. Cells increase in size or number.
Growth
The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions. When needs are met and the body is functioning smoothly.
Homeostasis. Ex - blood pressure, pH, temperature
- Receptor (Homeo. Control)
a “sensor” that monitors the environment and responses to stimuli
- Control Center (Homeo. Control)
Receives input from the receptor, determines the set point (how much control is needed)
- Effector (Homeo. Control)
provides the mean for the control center’s response to the stimulus
Negative Feedback (most common form of homeostasis)
A variable triggers a counteracting response to get back to homeostasis. Ex - You get too hot, you body produces sweat to lower your temperature back to its original temp .
Positive Feedback
Instead of counteracting the variable, the body intensifies it/ makes more. Ex - birth. more hormones produce more contractions, making more hormones leading to more contractions, etc.
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Anterior/posterior, front and back
Sagittal Plane (2 types)
Right and left.
1. equal halves - midsagittal
2. unequal halves - parasagittal
