Chapter 1

Question 1

This computer is considered the world’s first programmable electronic computer built in 1945?

Answer 1

ENIAC computer

Question 2

The ENIAC computer was built when and to do what?

Answer 2

Built in 1945 and used to calculate artillery ballistic tables for the U.S. Army.

Question 3

What does ENIAC stand for?

Answer 3

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

Question 4

What computer component is the ENIAC compared to?

Answer 4

A CPU just that ENIAC is 8 feet tall, 100 feet long, and weighs 30 tons.

Question 5

Small chips known as microprocessors?

Answer 5

CPU

Question 6

A type of memory that allows data to be quickly retrieved from random locations.

Answer 6

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

Question 7

What type of memory is RAM?

Answer 7

Volatile memory

Question 8

Why is RAM considered volatile memory?

Answer 8

It’s temporary storage for while a program is running and when system is powered off the RAM contents are erased.

Question 9

A type of memory that is stored in chips inside the computer where memory can be read from, but not changed.

Answer 9

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Question 10

What type of memory is ROM?

Answer 10

Nonvolatile

Question 11

Does ROM lose it’s stored contents when the system is powered off?

Answer 11

No, its contents remain stored in ROM as it’s nonvolatile memory used to store program’s important for the system’s operations.

Question 12

Type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even without power to the computer.

Answer 12

Secondary Storage

Question 13

What is the most common type of secondary storage device?

Answer 13

Disk Drive

Question 14

How does a traditional disk drive store data?

Answer 14

Data is stored by the disk drive magnetically encoding it onto a circular disk.

Question 15

This type of drive has no moving parts?

Answer 15

Solid State Drive

Question 16

Which secondary storage is faster?
Traditional disk drive or Solid State Drive

Answer 16

Solid State Drive

Question 17

This external disk drive is a device used for copying data or moving it from one copy to another.

Answer 17

Universal Serial Bus Drive (USB drive)

Question 18

Where do USB drives store data?

Answer 18

Flash memory

Question 19

What is another name USB drives are known as?

Answer 19

Memory sticks or flash drives

Question 20

A device that collects data from people or other devices and send it to the computer.

Answer 20

Input device

Question 21

List examples of input devices.

Answer 21

Keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, scanner, microphone, digital camera.

Question 22

What is a program?

Answer 22

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

Question 23

What is hardware?

Answer 23

The physical devices of a computer.

Question 24

List five major components of a computer system?

Answer 24

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main memory (RAM)
Secondary storage devices (Hard disk, SSD)
Input Devices (keyboards, touchpads)
Output devices (monitor, printers, speakers)

Question 25

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

Answer 25

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Question 26

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

Answer 26

Main memory (RAM)

Question 27

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

Answer 27

Secondary Storage (Disk drive, SSD)

Question 28

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

Answer 28

Input devices (keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, etc)

Question 29

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

Answer 29

Output devices (Monitors, printers)

Question 30

A computer's memory is divided into tiny storage locations known as?

Answer 30

Bytes

Question 31

A unit of memory that is large enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

Answer 31

Byte

Question 32

Each byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations know as?

Answer 32

Bits

Question 33

A fundamental unit of memory storage that may be turned "on" or "off" and can represent the values 0 or 1.

Answer 33

Binary Digit (Bit)

Question 34

Fundamental programs that control the internal operations of the computer's hardware, manages all of the devices connected to the computer, allows data to be saved to and retrieved from storage devices, and allows other programs to run on the computer.

Answer 34

Operating System

Question 35

A program that performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data such as a virus scanner.

Answer 35

Utility Program

Question 36

Programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software.

Answer 36

Software Development Tools

Question 37

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks.

Answer 37

Applicaiton Software

Question 38

What fundamental set of programs controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Answer 38

Operating System

Question 39

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

Answer 39

Utility Program

Question 40

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

Answer 40

Application Software

Question 41

A(n) _____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. a.) compiler b.) program c.) interpreter d.) programming language

Answer 41

b.) program

Question 42

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as _____. a.) hardware b.) software c.) the operating system d.) tools

Answer 42

a.) hardware

Question 43

The part of a computer that runs programs is called _____. a.) RAM b.) secondary storage c.) main memory d.) the CPU

Answer 43

d.) the CPU

Question 44

Today, CPUs are small chips known as _____. a.) ENIACs b.) microprocessors c.) memory chips d.) operating systems

Answer 44

b.) microprocessors

Question 45

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in _____. a.) secondary storage b.) the CPU c.) main memory d.) the microprocessor

Answer 45

c.) main memory

Question 46

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. a.) RAM b.) Secondary storage c.) The disk drive d.) The USB drive

Answer 46

a.) RAM

Question 47

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time—even when there is no power to the computer—is called _____. a.) RAM b.) main memory c.) secondary storage d.) CPU storage

Answer 47

c.) secondary storage

Question 48

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called _____. a.) an output device b.) an input device c.) a secondary storage device d.) main memory

Answer 48

b.) an input device

Question 49

A video display is a(n) _____. a.) output device b.) input device c.) secondary storage device d.) main memory

Answer 49

a.) output device

Question 50

A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. a.) byte b.) bit c.) switch d.) transistor

Answer 50

a.) byte

Question 51

A byte is made up of eight _____. a.) CPUs b.) instructions c.) variables d.) bits

Answer 51

d.) bits

Question 52

In a(n) _____ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. a.) hexadecimal b.) binary c.) octal d.) decimal

Answer 52

b.) binary

Question 53

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: _____. a.) 1 b.) −1 c.) 0 d.) “no”

Answer 53

c.) 0

Question 54

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _____. a.) binary numbering b.) ASCII c.) Unicode d.) ENIAC

Answer 54

b.) ASCII

Question 55

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is _____. a.) binary numbering b.) ASCII c.) Unicode d.) ENIAC

Answer 55

c.) Unicode

Question 56

Negative numbers are encoded using the _____ technique. a.) two’s complement b.) floating-point c.) ASCII d.) Unicode

Answer 56

a.) two’s complement

Question 57

Real numbers are encoded using the _____ technique. a.) two’s complement b.) floating-point c.) ASCII d.) Unicode

Answer 57

b.) floating-point

Question 58

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called _____. a.) bits b.) bytes c.) color packets d.) pixels

Answer 58

d.) pixels

Question 59

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _____. a.) Java code b.) a stream of binary numbers c.) English words d.) circuits

Answer 59

b.) a stream of binary numbers

Question 60

In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. a.) fetch b.) decode c.) execute d.) immediately after the instruction is executed

Answer 60

b.) decode

Question 61

Computers can only execute programs that are written in _____. a.) Java b.) assembly language c.) machine language d.) C++

Answer 61

c.) machine language

Question 62

The _____ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. a.) assembler b.) compiler c.) translator d.) interpreter

Answer 62

a.) assembler

Question 63

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called _____. a.) binary instructions b.) mnemonics c.) commands d.) key words

Answer 63

d.) key words

Question 64

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called _____. a.) syntax b.) punctuation c.) key words d.) operators

Answer 64

a.) syntax

Question 65

A(n) _____ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. a.) assembler b.) compiler c.) translator d.) utility

Answer 65

b.) compiler

Question 66

True or False: Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

True or False: Main memory is also known as RAM.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

True or False: Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.

Answer 68

True

Question 69

True or False: Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

Answer 69

False

Question 70

True or False: Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

True or False: Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

True or False: An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

Answer 72

True Interpreters read each individual instruction in the program, converts it to machine language instruction then immediately executes it.

Question 73

True or False: A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

Answer 73

False Syntax errors are compile-time errors during when code is being compiled.

Question 74

True or False: Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and Linux are all examples of application software.

Answer 74

False Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and Linux are examples of Operating Systems not application software. Application software examples are Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, or any software that makes a computer useful for everyday tasks.

Question 75

True or False: Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.

Answer 75

False A utility program is used to perform a specialized task that enhances a computer's operation or safeguards data.