Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

An educated guess about how something works. It is not supported by any significant amount of evidence. With consistent evidence a hypothesis may become a theory or a law.

Question 2

What is a law?

Answer 2

A general statement of what happens, It describes a phenomenon of a pattern in nature.

Question 3

What is a theory?

Answer 3

An explanation for why a law is true it explains the phenomenon. THEORIES NEVER BECOME LAW.

Question 4

Precision

Answer 4

The degree of exactness of a measurment.

Question 5

Accuracy

Answer 5

How close a measurment is to the real answer

Question 6

Branches of Physics

Answer 6

Motion, properties of materials, sound, waves, light,ect.

Question 7

Quantity

Answer 7

Type of thing being measured

Question 8

Magnitude

Answer 8

Measurment of the number

Question 9

Unit

Answer 9

What we measure Quantity in

Question 10

What are the two types of units?

Answer 10

Base units and derived units

Question 11

Base units

Answer 11

the standard units of measurement for the simplest quantities.

Question 12

Derived Units

Answer 12

new names given to combinations of base units.

Question 13

What are the three base units we use in the metric system?

Answer 13

Time- seconds
Length- meter
Mass - Kilogram

Question 14

Why are abbreviations capitalized?

Answer 14

If they are named after a person

Question 15

What is Gigajoules in scientific notation?

Answer 15

10^9 GJ

Question 16

What is megahertz in scientific notation?

Answer 16

10^6 MHz

Question 17

What is kilometers in scientific notation?

Answer 17

10^3 km

Question 18

What is centimeters in scientific notation?

Answer 18

10^-2 cm

Question 19

What is milliseconds in scientific notation?

Answer 19

10^-3 ms

Question 20

What is micrograms in scientific notation?

Answer 20

10^-6 μg

Question 21

How to convert units:

Answer 21

Multiply by a ratio that equals 1 which causes the original units to cancel out and the desired unit to remain.

Question 22

Adding or subtracting numbers in scientific notation:

Answer 22

1. Do any unit conversions
2. add the expressions so that the exponents match
3. Add or subtract the mantissas
4. Adjust the exponent of the answer as necessary to ensure that the mantissa is between 1-10

Question 23

Multiplying or dividing numbers in scientific notation:

Answer 23

Simply multiply or divide the mantissas and combine the exponents using the exponent laws.(units don’t need to match)

Question 24

Significant figures

Answer 24

Indicates how precise a measurment is.
1. All non-zero didgits are significant
2. all final zeros after the decimal point are significant
3. All zeros between other signiicant digits are significant
4. Zeros whose only purpose is to indicate the position of the decimal point are not significant

Question 25

How many sifnificant digits does a counted value have?

Answer 25

Infinite

Question 26

Rounding with 5

Answer 26

Round down if it's under 5. Round up if it's above 5. If it is 5 then round up when the next digit is odd or is a 0. Round down is the last digit is even.

Question 27

Rounding within Math Operations and Sig. Figs.

Answer 27

Round the answer to the same number of sig figs as the factor with the fewest sig figs

Question 28

Data Table

Answer 28

1. Quantitiy, units and error go in the heading since the apply to all the measurements in the column. 2. All the measurements within a column are expressed to the same precision.

Question 29

Graphing Data - 1-3

Answer 29

1. Title the graph in the form, "dependent variable vs. independent variable." 2. Label the axes with the quantity (type of measurement) and the units, but not the error. 3. Sale the axis to fit the data - use as much of the whole page as you can, subject to the following guidlines. (Don't draw broken axes. If the data range is far from zero, simply begin somewhere suitable other that zero)

Question 30

Graphing Data - 4-5

Answer 30

4. Plot the points on the graph and circle them so that they are easy to spot. do not label them with the data values 5. If the data are linear or seem to follow a smooth curve, draw a best-fit line os curve.(Don't connect the dots)

Question 31

Interpolation:

Answer 31

Using the best-fit line to estimate values between extremes of the collected data points

Question 32

Extrapolation:

Answer 32

Using the dotted best-fit line to estimate cales beyond the endpoints of the collected data.

Question 33

How to calculate slope of the best-fit line:

Answer 33

(position 2 - position 1) / (time 2 - time 1)

Question 34

Linear relationship:

Answer 34

If the graph is a straight line. y=kx Vertical = slope x horizontal Direct relationship if one quantity doubles so does the other.

Question 35

Quadradic Relationship:

Answer 35

If the line curves. y=kx^2 Graph is a parabola (actually only half of one).

Question 36

Inverse relationship:

Answer 36

If the line curves down the graph at the top. y = k/x If one quantity doubles the other is half as much. This graph is a hyperbola.

Question 37

Inverse square relationship:

Answer 37

Graph is very similar to the one for inverse relationship. y = k/x^2

Question 38

Proper problem solving format:

Answer 38

1. Write down the given information as well and the unkown quantity, using the proper symbols and units 2. Write the basic formula 3. Rearrange the formula got the unkown quantity witht the unknown on the left side 4. Subsitute data (inculding units) 5. Solve and express the answer with the correct units and correct number of sig. figs.