Chapter 1

Question 1

The scientific study of human and animal behaviour.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

General framework for scientific study; smaller aspects can be tested.

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

Those who study the origin, cause, or result of certain behaviours.

Answer 3

Research Psychologists

Question 4

Those who make direct use of the findings of research psychologists; deal directly with clients.

Answer 4

Applied Psychologists

Question 5

The process of looking into yourself and describing what is there.

Answer 5

Introspection

Question 6

The process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems.

Answer 6

Eclecticism

Question 7

Viewing behaviour as the result of nervous system functions and biology.

Answer 7

Neurobiological Approach

Question 8

Another word for Neurobiological Approach.

Answer 8

Neurobiology

Question 9

View behaviour as the product of learning and associations.

Answer 9

Behavioural Approach

Question 10

Another word for Behavioural Approach.

Answer 10

Behaviourism

Question 11

Believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves.

Answer 11

Humanistic Approach

Question 12

Another word for humanistic approach.

Answer 12

Humanism

Question 13

A system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces.

Answer 13

Psychoanalysis

Question 14

Emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics.

Answer 14

Cognitive Approach

Question 15

Another word for cognitive approach.

Answer 15

Cognitive psychology

Question 16

Behaviour viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures.

Answer 16

Sociocultural Approach

Question 17

Another word for sociocultural approach?

Answer 17

Sociocultural Psychology

Question 18

His theory in the mid-1800s suggested that animal studies might help us understand human.

Answer 18

Charles Darwin

Question 19

Started the first human psychology laboratory in 1879. He tried to break the human mind down into basic parts, but both our complexity and the need for introspection kept him from reaching his goal.

Answer 19

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 20

Wrote an important early psychology textbook. He tried to understand how we humans function and adapt to our environment.

Answer 20

William James

Question 21

Developed a comprehensive theory of personality. His emphasis was on unconscious conflicts in early childhood.

Answer 21

Sigmund Freud

Question 22

Studied the effect of learning on emotions. He wrote a book on child rearing based on his ideas

Answer 22

John B. Watson

Question 23

Sees behaviour as mostly influenced by bodily and chemical processes.

Answer 23

Neurobiologists

Question 24

Sees us as creatures who are formed and controlled by what we learn and the associations we make. (an example of someone is B.F. Skinner.)

Answer 24

Behaviourists

Question 25

Sees people as basically good and able to achieve almost anything. For them, each of us is special and in control of his or her destiny. (An example of someone is Carl Rogers).

Answer 25

Humanists

Question 26

Find us controlled by unconscious impulses, especially sex and aggression. (An example of someone is Sigmund Freud)

Answer 26

Psychoanalysts

Question 27

Focus most on the thinking brain, which can talk itself into (and out of) almost any belief or behaviour.

Answer 27

Cognitivists

Question 28

Emphasizes the influence of specific cultures on attitudes and behaviours.

Answer 28

Sociocultural psychologists

Question 29

Behaviour includes..

Answer 29

One’s attitudes, thoughts, physical and emotional changes.

Question 30

The “father of psychology” is

Answer 30

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 31

One of the founders of American psychology was..

Answer 31

William James

Question 32

The process for studying humans used by Wundt is called

Answer 32

Introspection

Question 33

The most famous behaviourist today is..

Answer 33

B.F. Skinner

Question 34

An approach to human behaviour which came into being in reaction to behaviourism is the..

Answer 34

Humanistic Approach

Question 35

The psychologist who suggested that humans be studied as complete wholes was..

Answer 35

William James

Question 36

The psychologist who emphasized the positive side of human nature was..

Answer 36

Carl Rogers

Question 37

Those who believe we are the product of associations are..

Answer 37

behaviourists

Question 38

Type of psychology which studies the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviours.

Answer 38

Behaviour