Chapter 1

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment

Question 2

Neurophysiology

Answer 2

The restoration of proper functioning of the nervous system and its control over the other body systems

Question 3

What are the 4 types of tissue that make up the body

Answer 3

(1) Nervous (2) Muscular (3) Connective (4) Epithelial

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

the smallest level of organization

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

the smallest units that can carry out all the basic functions of life

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

a collection of different types of cells, but that have the same intercellular substance and a specific function

Question 7

Organs

Answer 7

two or more different types of tissues that have a definite shape and function

Question 8

Systems

Answer 8

Different organs having a common functions e.g. digestive

Question 9

How many neurons in the nervous system

Answer 9

1 Trillion

Question 10

How many neurons in the brain alone

Answer 10

100 Billion

Question 11

What is the language of neurons

Answer 11

Action Potential

Question 12

What are the functions of neurons

Answer 12

to generate and conduct (pass on) electric potential

Question 13

Neuroglia

Answer 13

are cells which support, protect, and prvide nutrients to neurons.
Three types: Astrocytes, Oligodendrite and Microglia

Question 14

Astrocyte

Answer 14

maintain the appropriate chemical environment for neuron signalling (release Ca+)
- are only found in CNS

Question 15

Oligodendrites

Answer 15

creators of the myelin sheath

- Only found in CNS

Question 16

Microglia

Answer 16

scavenger cells that remove debris (macrophage)

Question 17

Three types of muscle tissue in the body

Answer 17

(1) Skeletal (2) Smooth (3) Cadiac

Question 18

Physiology

Answer 18

the study of chemical and physical processes that account for lifes functions

Question 19

Hippocrates

Answer 19

believed in non-invasive techniques such as nutrition and rest
“natural events have natural causes”
- thought physicians role was to assist nature’s healing power
“in disease, look at the spine first”

Question 20

Aristotle

Answer 20

• Identified the heart as the seat of emotion

- thought the brain was where the blood was cooled-

Question 21

Herophilus

Answer 21

was the first to record physiological experiements (on living criminals)

Question 22

Claudius Galen

Answer 22

first to describe the functions of the brain, the role of nerve cells, and the spinal cors in sensory and motor functions
- discovered arteries carry blood not air

Question 23

Middle Ages

Answer 23

• Was dominated by theology
• Believed all natural phenomenon had supernatural cause
• Dark ages Ensued where no experiments or science was done

Question 24

Renaissance

Answer 24

17th century full of scientific and intellectual advancements

Question 25

William Harvey

Answer 25

Researched Cardiovascular System - found out that blood is recycled by being pumped out of heart by arteries - then somehow connected to veins and returned to the heart

Question 26

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

Answer 26

Studied animal Motion and was the first to propose the basis of muscle contraction resided in muscle fibres

Question 27

Robert Hooke

Answer 27

Built the first Microscope

Question 28

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 28

Observed and described te first red blood cells and spermatozoa

Question 29

Hermann Boerhaave

Answer 29

argues for an integrative approach to physiology which included chemical and physical approaches

Question 30

Clause Bernard

Answer 30

had the idea that the conditions of the body remain fairly stable and that the body is never at rest bt constantly undergoing dynamic changes to remain in equilibrium

Question 31

Walter Cannon

Answer 31

Coined the term Homeostasis