chapter #1

Question 1

what do Research psychologists do?

Answer 1

use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behaviour

Question 2

what do psychologist-practitioners do?

Answer 2

use existing research to enhance the everyday life of patients.

Question 3

what is psychology?

Answer 3

it is the scientific study of mind and behaviour.

Question 4

empirical methods?

Answer 4

the processes of collecting data and making conclusions about the data.

Question 5

scientific method?

Answer 5

• set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research.
  -also used to collect and analyze evidence.

Question 6

what are facts?

Answer 6

are objective statements determined to be accurate through empirical study.

Question 7

what are levels of explanation?

Answer 7

the perspectives that are used to understand behaviour.

Question 8

lower level?

Answer 8

is biological
ex. Depression is genetically influenced.

Question 9

Middle level?

Answer 9

is interpersonal
ex. People who are depressed may interpret the events that occur to them too negatively.

Question 10

Higher level?

Answer 10

is cultural and social
ex. Women experience more depression than do men.

Question 11

who were the earliest psychologists?

Answer 11

Plato and Aristotle

Question 12

what is dualism?

Answer 12

that the mind is different from the mechanical body

Question 13

who and what is structuralism?

Answer 13

• Wilhelm Wundt invented it aimed at understanding consciousness
• to identify the basic elements or structures of psychological experience

Question 14

who and what is functionalism?

Answer 14

• Influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
• it applies the Darwinian theory of natural selection to human and animal behaviour

Question 15

Psychodynamic psychology?

Answer 15

an approach to understanding human behaviour that focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Question 16

Psychoanalysis?

Answer 16

the processes of talk therapy and dream analysis is used to help patients explore unconscious drives.

Question 17

Behaviourism?

Answer 17

youcant just study the mind, so psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behaviour itself.

Question 18

Cognitive psychology?

Answer 18

is a field of psychology that studies mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgment.

Question 19

social-cultural psychology?

Answer 19

is the study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour.
-ex, a cult

Question 20

social norms?

Answer 20

the ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group members and perceived by them as appropriate

Question 21

culture?

Answer 21

represents the common set of social norms, including religious and family values and other moral beliefs, shared by the people who live in a geographical region.

Question 22

individualism?

Answer 22

which is about valuing the self and one’s independence from others.

Question 23

collectivism?

Answer 23

focus on developing harmonious social relationships with others.