Chapter #3

Question 1

what is scientific method?

Answer 1

is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists use to conduct research. which are:
-Empirical
-Objective
-Replicable

Question 2

Laws?

Answer 2

Principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry. (e.g. Law of gravity)

Question 3

Research Hypothesis?

Answer 3

a specific prediction about the
relationship between two or more variables

Question 4

Deception?

Answer 4

occurs whenever research participants are not fully informed about the nature of the research project before participating in it.

Question 5

Research Design?

Answer 5

the specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

Question 6

Descriptive research?

Answer 6

is designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behaviour of individuals.

Question 7

Naturalistic Observation?

Answer 7

research based on the observation of everyday events.

Question 8

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS?

Answer 8

numbers that summarize the distribution of scores on a measured variable.

Question 9

Correlation Research?

Answer 9

To assess the relationships between and among two or more variables.

Question 10

Experimental research?

Answer 10

To assess the causal impact of one or more experimental manipulations on a dependent variable.

Question 11

Normal Distribution?

Answer 11

the frequency of scores or data

Question 12

Double-blind study?

Answer 12

both the participants and the researcher don’t know
the conditions participants are assigned to

Question 13

Single blind study?

Answer 13

either the participants or the researcher do not know
the conditions participants are assigned to

Question 14

four major types of threats to the validity of research?

Answer 14

1. construct validity.
2. internal validity.
3. external validity.
4. statistical conclusion validity.

Question 15

Construct validity?

Answer 15

the test or reaserch accuretly assesses what its suposed to.

Question 16

Internal Validity?

Answer 16

acause and affect happwned but cannot explaine why

Question 17

External validity?

Answer 17

the reaserch results extend to other scenarios, populations, etc. (a.k.a. Generalizability

Question 18

statistical conclusion validity

Answer 18

the extent to which we can be certain that the researcher has drawn accurate conclusions about the statistical significance of the research

Question 19

Meta-Analysis

Answer 19

a statistical technique that uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies.

Question 20

Exact replication?

Answer 20

a scientist attempts to exactly recreate the scientific methods used in conditions of an earlier study to determine whether the results come out the same

Question 21

Conceptual Replication?

Answer 21

a scientist tries to confirm the previous findings using a different set of specific methods that test the same idea