Chapter 1 Flashcards
Introduction to the Human Body (53 cards)
The follow is a definition for ___________
the study of structure and the relationships amoung structures
Anatomy
- Science of structure
- relationships learned through dissection
- imaging techniques
The following is a definition for __________
The study of how body structures FUNCTION
Physiology
- Science of body functions
- genetic variations
What is metabolism?
the sum of all the catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) chemical processes that occur in the body
Catabolic means building up or breaking down?
breaking up
A condition of equilibrium (or balance) in the body’s internal environment
this is a definition of>
homeostasis
Negative feedback loop is when the response:
a) reverses the stimuli
b) enhances the original system
a) reverses the stimuli
ex: blood pressure
A cycle of events where the status of a condition is monitored and reported back to a control region
this is a definition of:
Feedback Loop
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) versus Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - which is found inside the cell and also known as cystol
ICF - Intracellular Fluid
plasma, lymph plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor are all examples of________
Extracellular Fluid
Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest:
a) Organ
b) Cellular
c) Tissue
d) Organism
e) Chemical
f) System
E, B, C, A, F, D
Chemical (atomic and molecular)
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
list what elements are found at the chemical level of our bodies
hint: there are 7 primary ones
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Calcium
Sulfur
Atoms form together to make _______
Molecules
Molecules form together to make _______
cells
the basic structural function units of an organism
A group of cells that work together to form a similar function is a _____
Tissue
What are the 4 types of tissue?
1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscular
4) Nervous
structures composed of two or more different types of tissue are _______
organs
Organs have a specific function and a recognizable shape
_________ Consists of related organs with a common function
system
How many organ systems does the body have?
11
Can an organ be a part of more than one system?
Yes
ex: Pancreas is involved in both the digestive and endocrine system
All the parts of the human body functioning together constitutes the total ______
organism!
An organism is any living thing
Types of ECF (Extracellular fluid)
what are they called and where are they found?
1) __________ - found within blood vessels
2) Lymph plasma- found in ________ system
3) __________ fluid - found in nervous system
4) __________ fluid - found in joints
5) Aqueous humor and vitreous body - found in ______
1) Plasma
2) Lymphatic system
3) cerebrospinal fluid
4) synovial fluid
5) eyes
Homeostasis is regulated by these two systems working together and/ or independently
nervous and endocrine
nerve impulses cause rapid changes
hormones usually work more slowly
Match the body fluids (1-3) with where they can be found (A-C)
1) Intracellular Fluid
2) Extracellular Fluid
3) Interstitial Fluid
Options:
A) filled between cells
B) inside of the cells
C) Outside of the cells
1 - B
2 - C
3 - A
rearrange the following steps to form the correct stages of a feedback loop
A) Return to Homeostasis
B) Controlled Variable (CV)
C) Effectors
D) Response that alters CV
E) Stimulus
F) Receptor
G) Control Center
E, B, F, G, C, D, A
(E) Stimulus - disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing CV
(B) Controlled Variable - is monitored by receptors
(F) Receptors - monitors a CV. send INPUT (nerve impulses or hormones) to Control Center
(G) Control Center - Determines action. Receives input and provides OUTPUT to Effectors
(C) Effectors - receives direction from control center and produces a response i.e. brings about change.
(D) Response that alters CV - change from effectors occurs until homeostasis is returned
(A) Return to Homeostasis - end of feedback loop
