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A&P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to the Human Body

1
Q

The follow is a definition for ___________

the study of structure and the relationships amoung structures

A

Anatomy

  • Science of structure
  • relationships learned through dissection
  • imaging techniques
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2
Q

The following is a definition for __________

The study of how body structures FUNCTION

A

Physiology

  • Science of body functions
  • genetic variations
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3
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the sum of all the catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) chemical processes that occur in the body

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4
Q

Catabolic means building up or breaking down?

A

breaking up

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5
Q

A condition of equilibrium (or balance) in the body’s internal environment

this is a definition of>

A

homeostasis

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6
Q

Negative feedback loop is when the response:
a) reverses the stimuli
b) enhances the original system

A

a) reverses the stimuli

ex: blood pressure

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7
Q

A cycle of events where the status of a condition is monitored and reported back to a control region

this is a definition of:

A

Feedback Loop

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8
Q

Intracellular Fluid (ICF) versus Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - which is found inside the cell and also known as cystol

A

ICF - Intracellular Fluid

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9
Q

plasma, lymph plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor are all examples of________

A

Extracellular Fluid

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10
Q

Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest:

a) Organ
b) Cellular
c) Tissue
d) Organism
e) Chemical
f) System

A

E, B, C, A, F, D

Chemical (atomic and molecular)
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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11
Q

list what elements are found at the chemical level of our bodies

hint: there are 7 primary ones

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Calcium
Sulfur

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12
Q

Atoms form together to make _______

A

Molecules

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13
Q

Molecules form together to make _______

A

cells
the basic structural function units of an organism

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14
Q

A group of cells that work together to form a similar function is a _____

A

Tissue

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscular
4) Nervous

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16
Q

structures composed of two or more different types of tissue are _______

A

organs

Organs have a specific function and a recognizable shape

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17
Q

_________ Consists of related organs with a common function

A

system

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18
Q

How many organ systems does the body have?

A

11

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18
Q

Can an organ be a part of more than one system?

A

Yes
ex: Pancreas is involved in both the digestive and endocrine system

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19
Q

All the parts of the human body functioning together constitutes the total ______

A

organism!

An organism is any living thing

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20
Q

Types of ECF (Extracellular fluid)
what are they called and where are they found?

1) __________ - found within blood vessels
2) Lymph plasma- found in ________ system
3) __________ fluid - found in nervous system
4) __________ fluid - found in joints
5) Aqueous humor and vitreous body - found in ______

A

1) Plasma
2) Lymphatic system
3) cerebrospinal fluid
4) synovial fluid
5) eyes

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21
Q

Homeostasis is regulated by these two systems working together and/ or independently

A

nervous and endocrine

nerve impulses cause rapid changes
hormones usually work more slowly

22
Q

Match the body fluids (1-3) with where they can be found (A-C)

1) Intracellular Fluid
2) Extracellular Fluid
3) Interstitial Fluid

Options:
A) filled between cells
B) inside of the cells
C) Outside of the cells

A

1 - B
2 - C
3 - A

23
Q

rearrange the following steps to form the correct stages of a feedback loop

A) Return to Homeostasis
B) Controlled Variable (CV)
C) Effectors
D) Response that alters CV
E) Stimulus
F) Receptor
G) Control Center

A

E, B, F, G, C, D, A

(E) Stimulus - disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing CV
(B) Controlled Variable - is monitored by receptors
(F) Receptors - monitors a CV. send INPUT (nerve impulses or hormones) to Control Center
(G) Control Center - Determines action. Receives input and provides OUTPUT to Effectors
(C) Effectors - receives direction from control center and produces a response i.e. brings about change.
(D) Response that alters CV - change from effectors occurs until homeostasis is returned
(A) Return to Homeostasis - end of feedback loop

24
Q

In the negative feedback loop which monitors blood pressure. What would be an example of the EFFECTORS?

A

Heart and blood vessels

Stimulus = Increase in BP
CV = Blood pressure
Receptors = Barroreceptors in BV - (input = nerve impulses)
Control center = Brain (output = nerve impulses)
Effector = heart and BV
Response = decrease heart rate, and dilation of BV

25
Q

Describe how someone stands in the anatomical posistion

A

Stand erect, facing the observer, with the head level, eyes forward, feet flat, arms by side with palms forward

mountain pose

This is the standardized method of observing or imaging the body. allows for anatomical reference

26
Q

Prone position is
A) face up
B) Face down
C) laying on side

A

B) face down

27
Q

when a person is laying face up, they are said to be in the ______ position

A

supine

28
Q

fill in the blanks of this image

a) superior
b) inferior
c) Lateral
d) Medial
e) proximal
f) Distal

A
29
Q

________Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

_______ farther from limb attachment

A

proximal

distal

30
Q

__________Towards or on surface of body

__________ Away from surface of body

A

Superficial (external)
Deep (internal)

31
Q

______Near midline
_______ between two structures
________ farther from midline

A

medial
intermediate
lateral

32
Q

________ nearer to, or at the front of the body

____ near to, or at the back of the body

A

Anterior

posterior

33
Q

__________ toward the head or upper part of structure

______ ward from head. or lower part of structure

A

superior

inferior

34
Q

_________ on same side of body as another structure

_________ on opposite side of the body from another structure

A

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

35
Q

The heart is ________ to the liver

A

superior

36
Q

The stomach is _______ to the lungs

A

inferior

37
Q

The sternum is ________ to the heart

A

Anterior

38
Q

The ulna bone is _____ to the radius bone

A

medial

39
Q

Lungs are ____ to the hear

A

lateral

40
Q

The transverse colon is _________ to ascending and descending colon

A

intermediate (between)

41
Q

The gallbladder is ________ to the ascending colon

A

Ipsilateral

42
Q

Humerus is _________ to radius

A

Proximal

43
Q

Fingers are _____ to wrist

A

distal

44
Q

Planes - are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body:

1) Sagittal plane
a) Midsagittal/ Median Plane
b) Parasagittal plane

2) Frontal Plane

3) Transverse (cross-sectional) or Horizontal plane

4) Oblique plane

Describe how each of these planes divide

A

1) Sagittal plane - divides body into L/R

a) Midsagittal/ Median Plane - produces equal halves

b) Parasagittal plane - Produces unequal halves

2) Frontal Plane - Divide into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

3) Transverse (cross-sectional) or Horizontal plane - divides into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)

4) Oblique plane - some combination of 2 other planes (oblique angle = any angle other than 90 degree)

45
Q

A plane that combines 2 other planes (any angle other than 90 degree) is a _________ plane

A

Oblique plane

46
Q

divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions is a__________ plane

A

Transverse

47
Q

_________plane divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal (or coronal) plane

48
Q

_______ plane divides body or organ into left and right

A

sagittal plane

49
Q

________ plane produces equal halves

A

Midsagittal/ Median plane

50
Q

__________ plane produces unequal halves

A

parasagittal plane

51
Q

Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.
What are the four major planes:

Dorsal Cavity
1)_________
2)__________

Ventral Cavity
3)__________
4) __________

A

1) Cranial Cavity
2) Spinal /Vertebral Cavity
3) Thoracic cavity
4) Abdominopelvic cavity

52
Q
A

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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