Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology of Gender- textbook > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the Me Too Movement? who founded it?

A

Tarana Burke founded the movement to foster healing among girls and women of color who survived sexual violence, it became an onine movement with people tweeting #MeToo stories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is the Me Too movement criticized?

A

fosters a “guilty until proven innocent” mentality and privileges the experiences of wealthy educated white women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is sex?

A

biological
categorizes people as male, female or intersex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is gender?

A

nonbiological
includes broad sets of attributes and experiences (ex. identities, traits, interests, roles, attitudes, stereotypes and socialization practices) commonly associated with sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why might sex and gender not be as simple as it may seem?

A

dont know precisely how much of it stems from biology and how much stems from socialization
meanings of biological and social factors can be fuzzy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of what does it mean that we dont know how much stems from biology and how much stems from socialization? in respect to sex differences

A

ex. sex differences in physical aggression, men are more aggressive than women but this reflects a combination of biological and social factors (men have higher levels of testosterone than women & men are socialized to perform physically active tasks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

example of how meanings of biological and social factors are somewhat fuzzy?

A

ex. people generally understand hormones as biological factos and socialization as social factors but performing male behaviours (lifting something heavy) can increase testosterone in women and performing female behaviours (getting nails done) can decrease testosterone in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does sex differences mean?

A

average differences between women and men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is intersexuality?

A

condition in which the biological components of sex (chromosomes, hormones, sex organs) do not consistently fit the typical female or typical male pattern
ex. an individual who is genetically male (XY) with with an inverted penis (normally are assigned female at birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the sex binary?

A

conceptualization of sex as consisting of two opposite and nonoverlapping categories such as male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is gender binary?

A

assumption that individuals emboy either masculine or feminine traits and tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is androgyny?

A

when someone has high levels of both stereotypically male- typed (assertive, independent) and female typed traits (warm, gentle)

i.e. juliana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why might biological sex be a social construction?

A

because the categories of sex are not fixed
ex. if parents have an intersex baby the parents will try to make them fit into the sex binary though intersex is not male nor female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

some cultures recognize more than two sexes and genders, what kinds of things are recognized?

A

two spirit people: indigenous who adopt elements of both the female and male gender roles
hijras: separate caste of people who live as neither men nor women
sworn virgins: biologically female but live as men and can never marry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does non binary mean?

A

people who fall outside the sex and gender binaries and identify as neither man nor woman
ex. two spirit people, hijras, sworn virgins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is masculinity?

A

possession of physical and psychological attributes typically associated with men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is femininity?

A

possession of physical and psychological attributes typically associated with women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an androgynous personality?

A

both high in male and female typed traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does latinx mean?

A

any person of latin american decent (could be mixed sex, genderqueer and nonbinary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is gender identity?

A

individuals psychological experiences of their gender and how they identify their gender such as man, woman, nonbinary or genderqueer
involves feeling a basic sense of belongingness to a sex category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does agender mean?

A

identify with no gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does gender fluid mean?

A

gender identities shift over time and depend on the situation
gender identity changes rather than remaining constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

example of how interests shape gender identity

A

ex. knowing that someone identifies as a man would not necessarily allow us to predict whether he also likes sports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does pansexual mean?

A

attracted to people of all sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is sexual orientation?
peoples tendency to develop romantic and sexual attractions to others based on their sex | a crush
26
is gender identity independent or dependent on sexual orientation?
independent ex. a biologically female person who identifies as a woman and is attracted only to women would be considered a cisgender lesbian
27
what is intersectionality?
examining how peoples life experiences differ due to the levels of privilege and structural inequality associated with their specific location across various demographic categories ex. might focus on how gender identity interacts with racism to shape the opportunities of young, transgender black men
28
what does asexual mean?
signifies having a lack of desire for sex or sexual partners
29
what are 3 ways research psychologists can adopt a more intersectional approach?
1. seek who is included in the social categories of the people they study. (ex. dont only study a sample of privileged white women) 2. consider the role of structural inequalities in shaping participants' experiences (ex. racism..) 3. look for commonalities in their participants' experiences despite differences in their identities
30
what does WEIRD stand for?
western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic
31
what is genital reconstructive surgery?
surgery that alters the appearance, location or function of genital tissue
32
what are 3 ways in which sex and gender play roles in many aspects of daily life?
food: ex. across cultures people typically associate red meat, beer and potatoes with men & salad and chocolate with women colors: ex. pink with girls and blue with boys clothing language: masculine, feminine or gender neutral
33
how can we make sex and gender more visible?
flipping gender norms for men and women to expose how they opperate ex. ask male athletes questions that women get asked "could you give us a twirl and tell us about your outfit?"
34
example of how the extent to which people recognize sex and gender depends on the groups to which they belong
ex. more dominant and privileged the group (white males) the less the group tends to recognize the influence of sex and gender in their daily lives
35
what does a dominant group have that less privileged groups do not?
more access to education, leadership positions and resources
36
what is an issue with privileged groups?
they contain the power ex. "women and minorities" only implys white women and minority men (leaves out women of color...)
37
what is a patriarchal society?
men as a group rule the society and control how it operates
38
what is a matriarchal society?
women rule the society and control how it opperates (this society doesnt exist anywhere)
39
what is a matrilineal society?
family relationships and ancestry are traced through the mothers line ex. husband takes womans last name ex. among the garo people daughters inherit property from their mothers and sons move in with their wives families upon marriage
40
does matrilineal make the a society matriarchal? why?
no because men still hold more of the political and decision making power in these societies ex. men decide that the daughters take over the moms property
41
example of eqality vs equity?
equal: treating all vision problems with the same prescription equity: giving people the prescription that they NEED
42
who did the Women's Marches represent?
people from a range of sexes, gender identities, sexual orientations, ages, races, ethnicities, nationalities, religions
43
what does queer mean?
broad term that refers to a variety of sexual and gender identities
44
what does LGBTQIA+ stand for?
lesbian gay bisexual transgender queer intersex asexual + (even more identities exist such as questioning)
45
whats wrong with labelling waves of feminism "waves"?
ignores the work and progress made outside the waves (1920- 1960) should instead be called a river because its continuous
46
when did the first wave start and end?
1848- 1921
47
when did the second wave start and end?
1961- 1977
48
when did the third wave start and end?
1992- 2018
49
what occured in the first wave of feminism?
equal treatment of women and men under the law womens right to vote womens education (seeked discrimination if they attended school)
50
what did the feminine mystique (1963) help move along?
encouraged gender activism
51
what did the second wave of feminism fight for?
equal rights and opportunities for women domestic violence sexual harassment pay equality reproductive rights
52
what did the third wave of feminism fight for?
more intersectionality (not only white privileged people) environmental justice living wage reproductive justice
53
what is reproductive justice?
human right to personal bodily autonomy, parenthood choices and safe communities in which to raise children
54
what do advocates of reproductive justice work to do?
make poor communities safer and healthier with increased social support structures
55
what are feminisms?
movements for the social, political and economic equality of women and men or "movements to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression"- bell hooks
56
what are the 3 concerns people have about feminisms?
1. they need supporters but fewer and fewer young people identify as feminists 2. they must be more inclusive of nonbinary and transgender individuals 3. they fail to acknowledge the ways in which rigid and restrictive gender roles negatively impact men
57
how do gender roles negatively impact men?
men are also at the bottom many men especially those of color and low income are diempowered (swell the prisons, perform lots of risky low paid work, experience more violent crime)
58
why are some feminists so against men?
against the patriarchal power structures that perpetuate inequality rather than look at the individual men can be allies but women must be at the center
59
what are two mens movements?
national organiszation for men against sexism (NOMAS) promise keepers
60
what does NOMAS movement do?
seeks to enhance the lives of men by combating sexism, racism, and heterosexism by changing the institutions that create inequality
61
what does the promise keepers movement do?
all white men that focus on jesus and mens responsibilities as the head of the family encourage mens authority and denounce same sex sexuality
62
what does NOMAS and the promise keepers have in common?
both share the goal of enhancing the lives of men through social change and create a space for men to examine the role of gender in mens lives
63
when did gay rights movements first start?
1920 but soon crumbled under legal and social antigay
64
in what year was homosexuality removed from its classification as a mental disorder?
1973 when research was revealed that no differences in psychologically between heterosexual and gay male participants
65
what is the sexual minority?
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other nonheteroseual sexual orientations
66
how did the psychological practice with sexual minority change in 1985?
counselors were told to be sensitive and that sexual orientation change efforts are not effective, safe, or ethical
67
when and how did transgender movements pick up?
20 years ago picked up due to the internet (TV shows) which allowed transgender people to find a community movements are meant to advance the rights, protections and visibility of transgender individuals
68
what is ICE?
intersex campaign for equality advocates for the rights of inersex individuals to physical integrity, self- determination and legal recognition
69
how did trump make transgender less included?
banned their enlistment in the military
70
what can be said about feminism over time?
increase in inclusivity (include bisexual and asexual people as well as low income and minority women)

Psychology of Gender- textbook (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions