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Psychology Exam Prep > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

psychology is the science that STUDIES BEHAVIOUR and PHYSIOLOGICAL and COGNITIVE PROCESSES that underlie it

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2
Q

What are the 2 main areas of psychology?

A

Research or clinical practice

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3
Q

What are the 4 area’s of research?

A

SOCIAL- how mental life and behaviour are affected by interacting with other people; peer pressure and aggression
PERSONALITY- analyzing differences
EXPERIMENTAL- examine basic processes through animal research, etc
DEVELOPMENT- things that shape mental life and behaviour from birth to old age

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4
Q

What are the 3 area’s of practice psychology?

A

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-diagnose and treat behavioural problems
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY- diagnose and teat learning and emotional problems of school age children
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY- uses stats to predict behaviour of criminals

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5
Q

Describe social research.

A

how mental life and behaviour are affected by interacting with other people; peer

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6
Q

Describe personality research.

A

analyzes personality differences

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7
Q

Describe experimental research.

A

examine basic processes through animal research, etc

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8
Q

Describe developmental research.

A

things that shape mental life and behaviour from birth to old age

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9
Q

What does a clinical psychologist do?

A

diagnose and treat behavioural problems

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10
Q

What does a school psychologist do?

A

diagnose and teat learning and emotional problems of school age children

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11
Q

What does a forensic psychologist do?

A

uses stats to predict behaviour of criminals

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12
Q

What are the roots of psychology?

A

physiology and philosophy

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13
Q

What connection does psychology have to philosophy?

A

Socrates and Aristotle brought the idea of mind and soul connection to light

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14
Q

Who is considered the father of modern day medicine, and played a role in the physiology side of psychology

A

Hippocrates

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15
Q

How did Wilhem Wundt define psychology?

A

the scientific study of consciousness

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16
Q

Define structuralism.

A

is based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS into its BASIC ELEMENTS; just like physics breaks down matter into its basic particles

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17
Q

Who led the structuralists?

A

Edward Titchener

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18
Q

What did structuralism rely on?

A

Introspection

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19
Q

Define Introspection.

A

an internal inspection reflection on your experience

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20
Q

Define Functionalism.

A

the study of function and purpose of consciousness

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21
Q

What did functionalists look at?

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A

They wanted to find out the adaptive significance of consciousness; focused on learning and problem solving.

22
Q

Who was the leader of functionalism?

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A

William James

23
Q

Define Behaviouralism.

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A

based on the premise that scientific study should only study the OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOUR

24
Q

What years did behaviouralism flourish?

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A

50’s and 60’s

25
Who was behaviouralism influenced by?
``` Ivan Pavlov (conditioned reflex) Edward Thorndike (law of effect) John B. Watson (launched behaviourism) ```
26
What did Ivan Pavlov contribute to behaviourism?
the conditioned reflex
27
What did Edward Thorndike contribute to behaviourism?
the law of effect
28
What is the Law of effect?
The law of effect basically states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation.”
29
What is the conditioned reflex?
an acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulus
30
Who launched behaviourism?
John B. Watson
31
What did Watson contribute to behaviouralism?
If you control environmental stimulus you can modify behaviour in a predictable way; little albert
32
What does behaviouralism ignore?
The mind Consciousness Mental Processes
33
Who founded psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
34
Define psychoanalysis.
Unconscious forces have an important effect on human behaviour; socially unacceptable behaviour gets pushed into the unconscious and then is expressed indirectly in socially acceptable ways
35
Define innate drives.
urges you are born with
36
Define Humanistic Psychology.
Emphasizes the whole person and subjective experience; humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for growth
37
Who were the 2 most influential humanists?
Maslow and Hall
38
What constrains people from achieving their whole potential according to the humanistic view?
society
39
When did cognition start to become a popular area of research again?
Re-emerged in the 50's and 60's
40
Define Cognitive Psychology.
the study of the mental process that involves acquiring knowledge
41
What are psychologies roots in?
the study of the function and structure of cognition
42
Who were the 2 psychologists that influenced cognitive psychology?
Piaget Beck Ellis
43
What did Piaget study within cognitive psychology?
childrens development
44
What did Beck and Ellis aid in within the field of cognitive psychology?
the understanding of treatment of depression
45
What is physiological psychology?
focuses on the physical side of human nature; the role and function (genetics) and biochemical processes
46
Who were the people that gave evidence of brain behaviour connection
Lashley | Olds and Milner
47
What is evolutionary psychology?
the idea that natural selection occurs for behavioural, as well as physical characteristics examples: mating preferences, jealousy, aggression, spatial ability, language and personality
48
What contribution to physiological psychology did Karl Lashley give in the 20's
motivated more study about what happens in our brain when we learn; experimented on rats to see what they remember then damaged parts of the brain and observed the changes
49
What contribution did James Olds and Peter Milner give to physiological psychology?
discovered the reward centre of the brain (the hypothalamus)
50
What part of the brain is the reward centre?
the hypothalamus
51
What are the 5 main perspectives in psychology?
``` Behavioural Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Physiological (includes evolutionary) ```
52
What are the (7) unifying themes of psychology?
1. Empirical 2. Theoretically divers 3. Evolves in a socio-historical way 4. Behaviour is determined by multiples causes 5. Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage 6. Heredity jointly influence behaviour 7. Experience is highly subjective

Psychology Exam Prep (4 decks)

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