Chapter 1

Question 1

Ubiquitous

Answer 1

Found everywhere

Question 2

Linneaus

Answer 2

Scientist that invented Binomial nomenclature

Question 3

Scientific name

Answer 3

Genus + specific epificit

Question 4

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

Answer 4

Eukaryotic organisms have membrane-bound organelles (Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, etc)

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and don’t have membrane bound organelles

Question 5

5 Kingdoms From least complex to most complex

Answer 5

Least: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae
Most: Animalia

Question 6

Monera
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms

Answer 6

Least complex animal kingdom
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Domain: bacteria & Archae

Question 7

What does domain classification depend on

Answer 7

number and type of ribosomes

Question 8

What is binomial nomenclature

Answer 8

A way to classify organisms by two names
Genus + specific epithet

Question 9

Protista:
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms

Answer 9

Primarily unicellular some are multicellular
Domain name = Eukarya
Group names = Slime mold, Protozoa, Algae

Question 10

Plantae
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms

Answer 10

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Domain = Eukarya

Question 11

Animalia

Answer 11

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Domain = Eukarya
Classification = # + type ribosomes

Question 12

Fungi
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms

Answer 12

Mostly Multicellular few unicellular (yeasts)
Eukaryotic
Domain name = Eukarya
Group names = Yeasts, molds, mushrooms

Question 13

Are viruses classified into a domain

Answer 13

No, because they don’t have ribosomes and be classified into a domain, requires the number and type of ribosome

Question 14

Are viruses classified into a domain

Answer 14

No, because they don’t have ribosomes and be classified into a domain, requires the number and type of ribosome

Question 15

List the general characteristics of viruses

Answer 15

All viruses have protein coats called capsids that contain genetic information

Question 16

What are helminths? Why do we care?

Answer 16

Parasitic worms (flatworms, tapeworms…)

part of life cycle is microscopic

Question 17

Who discovered life’s smallest unit (cells)? And what theory did he come up with?

Answer 17

Robert Hooke

Cell Theory-all living things comprised of cells

Question 18

What was Redi known for

Answer 18

Spontaneous generation

Maggots came from flies that lay eggs not spontaneous generation in decaying meat

Question 19

Who was the first to see microbes through a magnifier?

Answer 19

Van Leeuwenhoek

called them animalcules
Disprove spontaneous generation

Question 20

What was Virchow known for

Answer 20

Biogenesis concept; living cells arise only from preexisting living cells

Disprove spontaneous generation

Question 21

What did Pasteur discover about microrganisms?

Answer 21

Air contains microrganisms that can contaminate sterile solutions

Microrganisms can be found on nonliving matter,
Microrganisms destroyed by heat

Pasteurization = heating liquids can kill microbes but doesn’t sterilize the liquid

Aseptic technique = methods to decrease contamination

Question 22

Who is Lister and what did he do

Answer 22

Germ theory of disease-microrganisms might cause disease

Used phenol post surgery to reduce infection

Question 23

What was Robert Koch known for

Answer 23

Diseases caused by specific microoganism

Koch’s Postulates = relates specific microniganism to specific disease

Question 24

What was Jenner credited/ know for?

Answer 24

Used cowpox like antigen to protect against smallpox

Credited with inventing Immunity

Question 25

What was Ehrlich know for?

Answer 25

Used Salvarsan to fight syphilis Chemotherapy = any drug used as therapy

Question 26

Synthetic drug VS Antibiotic

Answer 26

Synthetic drug are prepared by chemicals in a lab Antibiotics produced naturally by bacteria or fungi

Question 27

Describe Koch’s postulate

Answer 27

Requires virus isolation, growth of agent in pure culture, development of diseases in healthy individual

Question 28

Parasitology

Answer 28

Study of Protozoa and parasitic worms

Question 29

Genomics

Answer 29

Study of organisms genes ## Footnote

Question 30

What is Microbial genetics

Answer 30

Study of how microbes inherit traits ## Footnote

Question 31

Molecular Biology

Answer 31

Study of how genetic information is carried in DNA and directs protein synthesis ## Footnote

Question 32

Recombinant DNA/ DNA reconbination

Answer 32

Genetic info (DNA) combined with other DNA naturally.

Question 33

Biotechnology/Genetic engineering

Answer 33

DNA combined with other DNA on purpose in lab ## Footnote

Question 34

Gene Therapy

Answer 34

Insertion of missing gene or replacement of defective gene ## Footnote

Question 35

What is Microbial ecology

Answer 35

Study of relationship between microbes and their environment ## Footnote

Question 36

Bioremediation

Answer 36

Use of microbes to clean up pollutant or toxic waste (oil) ## Footnote

Question 37

Normal Microbiota

Answer 37

Microorganisms found in specific areas in body that aren't pathogenic ## Footnote

Question 38

Resistance

Answer 38

Ability of host to defend against disease ## Footnote

Question 39

Infectious Disease

Answer 39

Pathogenic microorganism enters host leading to disease ## Footnote

Question 40

Producers

Answer 40

Take sunlight convert to energy by photosynthesis ## Footnote

Question 41

Consumers

Answer 41

Get energy from producers ## Footnote

Question 42

Decomposers

Answer 42

Recycle organic material back into environment (top of food web) ## Footnote

Question 43

Immunology

Answer 43

Study of immune response

Question 44

Virology

Answer 44

Study of viruses

Question 45

Mycology

Answer 45

Study of fungi