Chemistry- Chapter 2

Question 1

What is atomic number

Answer 1

Number of protons

Question 2

What is mass #

Answer 2

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

Explain what an isotope is

Answer 3

An atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

Would isotopes have different or similar reactive capabilities and why?

Answer 4

The same, because isotopes are only different in number of neutrons and this doesn’t change the valence of the charge

Question 5

Define an ion

Answer 5

An atom with a charge

Question 6

What happens if an atom looses an electron?

Answer 6

Gets a positive charge

Question 7

What happens if an atom gains an electron?

Answer 7

Atom becomes negatively charged

Question 8

What is the function of chemical bonds

Answer 8

Hold atoms together, store energy

Question 9

What are the 3 types of bonds?

Answer 9

Ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond

Question 10

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 10

Holds ions of opposite charge together

Question 11

What is a covalent bond

Answer 11

Bond that holds atoms together that share electrons.

Question 12

Explain how electrons are shared in a polar covalent bond

Answer 12

Shared electrons get pulled more by one atom than the other.
Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 13

Explain how electrons are shared in a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 13

Electrons are shared evenly between atoms

Question 14

Explain hydrogen bonding

Answer 14

Bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

The weakest bond

Question 15

Explain the difference between a solvent and solute

Answer 15

Solvent- does dissolving (water)
Solute- gets dissolved in solvent (sugar)

Question 16

Name the 4 types of reactions

Answer 16

Synthesis
Decomposition
Oxidation
Reduction

Question 17

Explain what a synthesis reaction is

Answer 17

Anabolic reactions
Take small things, make them into big products

Question 18

Explain a decomposition reaction

Answer 18

Catabolic reaction
Taking a big thing (complex) and breaking it down into smaller parts (simple)

Question 19

Explain what an oxidation reaction is

Answer 19

Produces a release of electrons thus DECREASING energy

Question 20

Explain what happens during a reduction reaction

Answer 20

Electrons are added and covalent bonds are formed thus INCREASING energy

Question 21

Explain the pH scale

Answer 21

Measurement of free H+
More acidic= numbers below 7
More basic= numbers above 7

Question 22

If free H+ increases what happens to the pH?

Answer 22

H+ increase = pH decrease

Question 23

What happens if free H+ decrease?

Answer 23

H+ decrease = pH increase

Question 24

Explain difference in proton acceptors and proton donors

Answer 24

Proton donors are ACIDS And have free H+ to give
Proton acceptors are BASED and have OH- to accept free H+

Question 25

What are buffer systems and how do they work?

Answer 25

Attempt to maintain pH homeostasis pH decreases= to many free H+, removes free H+ pH increases= to few H+, release H+ into free state.

Question 26

Name the 4 groups of organic compounds

Answer 26

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleus acids (DNA/RNA) Proteins

Question 27

What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds

Answer 27

Organic compounds contain carbon. Inorganic compounds don’t have carbon ( oxygen, water)

Question 28

What are the six elements that make a body mass?

Answer 28

Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Oxygen (O) Calcium (Ca)

Question 29

Define matter

Answer 29

Occupies SPACE and has MASS. And is made of naturally occurring elements.

Question 30

What is the smallest living unit and what is it made of?

Answer 30

Cells are the smallest living unit and made of one or more elements

Question 31

Define Valence

Answer 31

The last orbital shell Gives atoms reactive capability Electrons are added, taken and shared here.

Question 32

Define Valence

Answer 32

The last orbital shell Gives atoms reactive capability Electrons are added, taken and shared here.

Question 33

What does Atomic # represent?

Answer 33

number protons

Question 34

What does Mass # represent?

Answer 34

protons and neutrons

Question 35

Define Isotope.

Answer 35

atom with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons

Question 36

Would isotopes have the same or different reactive capability?

Answer 36

The same because in isotopes only the neutrons change. This doesn't affect the valence of the charge ## Footnote

Question 37

Define Ion.

Answer 37

atom that has a charge ## Footnote

Question 38

What happens if an ion loses electrons?

Answer 38

Becomes positively charge

Question 39

What happens if an ion gains electrons?

Answer 39

It becomes negatively charged ## Footnote

Question 40

What are the two functions of Chemical Bonds?

Answer 40

hold atoms together, store energy

Question 41

What are the 3 types of bonds?

Answer 41

1) Ionic bond = holds ions together of opposite charges 2) Covalent = holds atoms together that share electrons 3) Hydrogen bonds = bonds with hydrogen atom

Question 42

Explain the difference between polar covalent and nonpolar covalent

Answer 42

polar covalent bonds- electrons are not shared equally Nonpolar covalent bonds - electrons shared equally