Chapter 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are microorganisms
Organisms too small to be clearly seen by unaided eye, usually less than 1 mm
What is the typical size of the micro bacteria
1-5 mm
What are the four characteristics of cells we talked about in class
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Contain genetic material such as dna
Has cell membrane
Has ribosomes
What are viroids
Free floating rna
What are prions
Free floating proteins
True or false: acellular organisms can cause disease/infection
True even though they dot have cells
Who founded the domains of life and what are they and what kingdom do they fall in
Carl woese
Bacteria, Archean, eukarya
Kingdom moneya
What comparison was used to separate the three domains of life
Ribosomal rna
What ribosomal subunits do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have
Prokaryotes have 30+50=70
Eukaryotes have 40+60=80
True or false: ribosomal rna is good at tolerating large mutations
False, mutation rate of 16s or 18s rna is very slow and not well tolerated
How do bacteria and archaea increase gene pool
Horizontal gene transfer
How do eukaryotes increase diversity
Through sexual reproduction
What is serology
Study of body fluids based on antibodies
What is a pure culture
An isolated strand
Who was Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Father of microbiology
Created the microscope
1673
Merchant sold cloth
What is spontaneous generation
Living organisms can develop from non living matter
What did Francesco redi do
Did the three containers of meat experiment
Discovered spontaneous generation isn’t real
What did Louis Pasteur do
Founded pasteurization which is heating and cooling to kill pathogenic organisms
Pasteur is wine spoilage
He used weakened forms as vaccines
What did lady montagu do
Took out from blister and put it in scratches to prevent smallpox
What are Koch’s postulates
Microorganisms must be present in every case of disease but absent from healthy organisms
Microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Same disease must result from inoculation of isolated microorganisms into healthy organisms
Same microorganisms must be isolated from diseased host
Why are Koch’s postulates not infallible
Organisms can be isolated in pure culture
There is no appropriate animal model
Opportunistic infection and prolonged latency before disease development
