Chapter 1

Question 1

Who are the Allied Fields in Physical Education?

Answer 1

Biomechanics, athletic training, occupational training, dietitian.

Question 1

What is the difference between scientific and practitioner-based research?

Answer 1

Practitioner research is workplace research done by professionals in the field, while scientific research focuses on broader theoretical knowledge through systematic investigation.

Question 2

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Answer 2

Quantitative data refers to numerical data, while qualitative data is descriptive and subjective.

Question 3

What does “Philosophy” mean in Physical Education?

Answer 3

A: Philosophy is the study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.

Question 4

What are the four domains of philosophy?

Answer 4

Metaphysics - The ultimate nature of reality.
Epistemology - Nature and structure of knowledge.
Logic - Systematic examination of ideas.
Axiology - The study of values.

Question 5

Metaphysics

Answer 5

The ultimate nature of reality.

Question 6

Epistemology

Answer 6

Nature and structure of knowledge.

Question 7

Logic

Answer 7

Systematic examination of ideas.

Question 8

Axiology

Answer 8

The study of values.

Question 9

What are the six major types of philosophy?

Answer 9

Idealism - Values do not change.
Realism - Uses the scientific method.
Pragmatism - Experiences are the basis of truth.
Naturalism - Life governed by nature.
Existentialism - Reality is based on individual experiences.
Humanism - Well-being of humanity is prioritized.

Question 10

Realism

Answer 10

Uses the scientific method.

Question 10

Idealism

Answer 10

Values do not change.

Question 11

Pragmatism

Answer 11

Experiences are the basis of truth.

Question 12

Existentialism

Answer 12

Reality is based on individual experiences.

Question 12

Naturalism

Answer 12

Life governed by nature

Question 13

What is Dualism?

Answer 13

The belief that the mind and body are separate entities.

Question 14

Humanism

Answer 14

Well-being of humanity is prioritized.

Question 15

What is the difference between goals and objectives?

Answer 15

A goal is a broad, long-term outcome, while an objective is a short-term, measurable step to achieve the goal.

Question 16

What are the three domains of learning objectives?

Answer 16

Cognitive - Intellectual processes like knowledge.
Affective - Emotions, values, attitudes.
Psychomotor - Motor skill development.

Question 17

Cognitive

Answer 17

• Intellectual processes like knowledge.

Question 18

Affective

Answer 18

• Emotions, values, attitudes.

Question 19

Psychomotor

Answer 19

• Motor skill development.

Question 20

What is spiritual wellness?

Answer 20

Reflecting a sense of purpose and living in accordance with one’s beliefs and values.

Question 21

What is the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the U.S.?

Answer 21

Hispanics.

Question 21

What was revealed by the 2020 census about Hispanic and Latino origin?

Answer 21

18.9% of the U.S. population is of Hispanic or Latino origin.

Question 22

What is cultural humility?

Answer 22

A practice of self-reflection and lifelong learning, focusing on respecting and learning from others' cultures.

Question 23

What are nonmodifiable risks?

Answer 23

Risk factors that cannot be changed, such as age, gender, and genetics.

Question 24

What is the goal of the Wellness movement?

Answer 24

To address overall well-being, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Question 25

What is the difference between chronic and infectious disease?

Answer 25

Chronic diseases are long-term, non-contagious conditions, while infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be spread.

Question 26

What did WWII lead to in the U.S. regarding physical fitness?

Answer 26

Increased emphasis on physical fitness.

Question 27

What is Title IX?

Answer 27

A law prohibiting discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities.

Question 28

What was the first society to have a large influence on physical education?

Answer 28

Greece.

Question 29

What is the difference between Greeks and Romans in physical activity?

Answer 29

Greeks focused on sports, while Romans engaged in blood sports.

Question 30

What was the first modern country to focus on physical education to strengthen the national population?

Answer 30

Germany.

Question 31

What is a Turnplatz?

Answer 31

An outdoor gymnasium.

Question 32

What is Muscular Christianity and what did it promote?

Answer 32

It promoted the inclusion of sports in schools to develop fair play, honor, and self-discipline.

Question 33

What was the first collegiate sport competition?

Answer 33

Crew (rowing).

Question 34

Where were the first modern Olympics held in 1896?

Answer 34

Athens, Greece.

Question 35

Who was in charge of the first collegiate sports?

Answer 35

The students.

Question 36

Who was Guts Muths?

Answer 36

A German educator considered one of the founders of modern physical education in Germany.

Question 36

When was the first doctoral program in Physical Education established in the U.S.?

Answer 36

1924.

Question 37

Who was Friedrich Jahn?

Answer 37

A German educator who developed the turnverein movement.

Question 37

What are the notable programs for those with disabilities?

Answer 37

1973: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. 1975: Education of All Handicapped Children Act. 1990: Americans with Disabilities Act.

Question 38

Who was Johann Basedow?

Answer 38

A German educator known for founding the first modern school in Europe to include physical education.

Question 39

Who was Franz Nachtegall?

Answer 39

A Danish educator known as the father of Danish physical education.

Question 40

Who was Adolf Spiess?

Answer 40

A German advocate for including gymnastics in the school curriculum

Question 41

Who was Per Henrich Ling?

Answer 41

A Swedish educator who studied the effects of physical education using anatomy and physiology.

Question 42

Who was Charles Beck?

Answer 42

A U.S. educator who introduced Jahn's gymnastics program to Round Hill School.

Question 43

Who was Archibald Maclaren?

Answer 43

A British educator who believed physical education must be treated as a science.

Question 44

Who was Catherine Beecher?

Answer 44

A U.S. educator who promoted calisthenics to music.

Question 45

Who was Mary Hemenway Turner?

Answer 45

The first female physical education teacher in Washington, DC.

Question 45

Who was Delphine Hanna?

Answer 45

The first female full professor of Physical Education in the U.S.

Question 46

Who was Luther Gulick?

Answer 46

A U.S. educator who designed the YMCA logo.

Question 47

Who was George Fitz?

Answer 47

A U.S. educator who established the Physiology lab at Harvard University.