Chapter 1

Question 1

What two events during the Middle Ages revived European interest in the Orient?

Answer 1

crusades and Marco Polo’s writings

Question 2

How did a revival in trade inspire the Renaissance?

Answer 2

Increased trade with the East resulted in an exposure to new ideas, inventions, and cultures.

Question 3

What invention was most important in bringing Europe out of the Dark Ages? Who introduced it and when?

Answer 3

movable-type printing press; Johann Gutenberg; 1440

Question 4

Why did the Europeans want an all-water route to Asia?

Answer 4

to make travel easier and safer, to establish direct trade routes, and to bypass the Italians who controlled trade between the East and the West

Question 5

How did the Renaissance encourage voyages and exploration?

Answer 5

through the advances made in the science of navigation

Question 6

Who is Leif Erricson?

Answer 6

A Viking from Scandinavia belived to hav landed on the shores of North America around A. D. 1000

Question 7

What is Christendom?

Answer 7

The nations that professed to be Christians.

Question 8

What is the middle class?

Answer 8

the merchants and traders

Question 9

Who is Kublai Khan?

Answer 9

The ruler of China at the time Marco Polo (around 1200 A. D.) was in China

Question 10

Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?

Answer 10

He founded a navigation school In mid 1400’s. He was from Portugal.

Question 11

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 11

Began in 1517. Began a revival of biblical Christianity.

Question 12

Who is Martin Luther?

Answer 12

Roman Catholic monk who protested false doctrines of the church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church door. Around 1500 A.D.

Question 13

What is one possible explanation for how the indigenous peoples arrived in the Americas?

Answer 13

a land bridge

Question 14

What were two facts that Christopher Columbus did not know when he sailed west?

Answer 14

Columbus was unaware of the great distance between Europe and Asia, and he did not realize that North and South America lay between Europe and Asia.

Question 15

Which nation was the leader in exploration in the 1400’s

Answer 15

Portugal

Question 16

Who agreed to sponsor Columbus? What nation was Columbus representing when he sailed west?

Answer 16

Ferdinand and Isabella; Spain

Question 17

Where did Columbus first land in 1492?

Answer 17

San Salvador, an island in the West Indies

Question 18

Why did Columbus call the inhabitants of the islands he discovered Indians?

Answer 18

He believed he had reached the Indies in the Far East.

Question 19

Who is credited with first recognizing that the land discovered by Columbus was an unknown continent?

Answer 19

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 20

What is maize?

Answer 20

corn

Question 21

What is Arawak and Carib?

Answer 21

Arawak was a friendly tribe
Carib was a tribe of cannibals

Question 22

What is Cuba?

Answer 22

Island in the west indies

Question 23

What is Hispaniola?

Answer 23

Name of island that today is called Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Question 24

Who was the most famous African to explore the New World?

Answer 24

Estevanico

Question 25

Who made the first Spanish landing on the North American continent?

Answer 25

Juan Ponce de León

Question 26

Who sighted the Pacific Ocean? Why was this significant?

Answer 26

Vasco de Balboa; Europeans realized a vast ocean lay between the New World and Far East

Question 27

Who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico? Who was the powerful ruler of the Aztecs?

Answer 27

Hernando Cortés; Montezuma Il

Question 28

In what ways was the Aztec civilization similar to the native societies in North America?

Answer 28

similarities-they practiced a pagan religion; differences-they had a written language and had their own form of architecture

Question 29

What factors contributed to the rivalry between Spain and England?

Answer 29

Queen Elizabeth's sea dogs, like Sir Francis Drake, and religion

Question 30

What did the Catholic church undertake to combat the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 30

Counter-Reformation

Question 31

Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada so important to the colonization of the New World?

Answer 31

England would now be free to lay the groundwork for political and religious freedom in North America.

Question 32

Who were the conquistadors?

Answer 32

Spanish conquerors who led armies of Spanish soldiers to forcefully subdue the native inhabitants and who brought enslaved Africans to the New World

Question 33

Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

Answer 33

led the first voyage around the world

Question 34

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 34

conquered the Inca of Peru

Question 35

Who is Francisco Coronado?

Answer 35

discovered the Grand Canyon

Question 36

Who was Hernando de Soto?

Answer 36

discovered the Mississippi River

Question 37

Who was Juan Cabrillo?

Answer 37

Explored the coast of present-day California and possibly Oregon

Question 38

Who was St. Augustine?

Answer 38

first permanent European settlement in the present-day United States

Question 39

What is Santa Fe?

Answer 39

Served as the capital of the Spanish colonies in the American Southwest

Question 40

What is San Diego?

Answer 40

first European settlement in present-day California

Question 41

What body of water in the New World did the first French explorers come in search of?

Answer 41

Northwest Passage

Question 42

What group of French Protestants settled on the coasts of South Carolina and Florida?

Answer 42

Huguenots

Question 43

What was the relationship between the French and the Indigenous peoples?

Answer 43

They developed agood relationship because of the fur trade.

Question 44

Why did New France fail to become heavily populated?

Answer 44

Most French colonists were hunters and traders and never established permanent homes; they lacked self-government; and they lacked religious freedom.

Question 45

What are some ways in which French influence is seen in North America today?

Answer 45

The French influence on North America can be seen in geographical names, religion, government, customs, and traditions especially in eastern Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the state of Louisiana. New Orleans is probably the best- known city of French heritage in the United States.

Question 46

Identify Jacques Cartier

Answer 46

Led the expedition that discovered the St. Lawrence River

Question 47

Identify Quebec

Answer 47

first permanent French settle- ment in the New World; established in 1608

Question 48

Identify Samuel de Champlain

Answer 48

Father of New France; established Quebec

Question 49

Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet

Answer 49

led an expedition of the central Mississippi River

Question 50

Identify Robert Cavelier de La Salle

Answer 50

claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it "Louisiana"

Question 51

Identify New Orleans

Answer 51

founded in 1718; proba- bly the best-known city of French heritage in the United States