Histology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

The main muscles are coracobrachialis and biceps brachii.

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2
Q

What muscle is considered the most substantial in the anterior compartment?

A

The most substantial muscle is the biceps brachii.

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3
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate?

A

The coracobrachialis originates from the coracoid process of the scapula.

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4
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis insert?

A

It inserts on the middle third of the humerus.

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5
Q

What actions does the coracobrachialis perform?

A

The coracobrachialis assists in adducting the shoulder joint and flexing the humerus at the shoulder joint.

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6
Q

How many heads does the biceps brachii have?

A

The biceps brachii has two heads: a long head and a short head.

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7
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii tendon run?

A

The long head runs in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus towards the scapula.

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8
Q

What anatomical structure keeps the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii in place?

A

The transverse humeral ligament keeps the tendon in its location.

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9
Q

Where does the tendon of the biceps brachii attach?

A

It attaches to the superior glenoid tubercle of the glenoid fossa.

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10
Q

What is the function of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

The biceps brachii primarily flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

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11
Q

What are the surfaces of the brachium where the anterior compartment is located?

A

The anterior compartment is located on the anterior surface of the brachium.

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12
Q

What is the visual indicator used to mark the anterior compartment of the arm in illustrations?

A

The anterior compartment is indicated by green dotted lines in illustrations.

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13
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii?

A

The long head of biceps passes through the intertubercular sulcus and attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

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14
Q

Where does the short head of the biceps brachii originate?

A

The short head of the biceps brachii originates from the coracoid process and unites with the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle.

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15
Q

What does the biceps brachii tendon attach to?

A

The biceps brachii tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity and gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis that runs over the cubital fossa.

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the biceps brachii?

A

The biceps brachii is involved in flexing the arm at the shoulder joint and the forearm at the elbow joint.

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17
Q

What movement does the biceps brachii facilitate at the elbow joint?

A

The contraction of biceps brachii facilitates flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.

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18
Q

What role does the biceps brachii play in forearm movement?

A

Biceps brachii serves as an important supinator of the forearm, allowing for actions like holding a cup of soup.

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19
Q

Where is the brachialis muscle located in the arm?

A

The brachialis muscle runs from the anterior aspect of the humeral shaft, typically from the middle third down to the ulnar tuberosity.

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20
Q

What is the main function of the brachialis muscle?

A

The brachialis muscle is the primary flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint.

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21
Q

How does the biceps brachii assist in forearm flexion?

A

The biceps brachii helps to flex the forearm once it is in the supinated position.

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22
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

The anterior compartment muscles, including coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis, are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

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23
Q

What muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

The anterior compartment of the arm includes the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles.

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24
Q

What is the significance of the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

The bicipital aponeurosis is a sheet-like tendon that provides a broad anchoring point for the biceps brachii tendon over the cubital fossa.

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25
What path does the short head of biceps follow to its origin?
The short head of biceps follows a much shorter path directly to the coracoid process, unlike the long head which traverses through the intertubercular sulcus.
26
What is the primary function of the biceps brachii muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm?
The main function of the biceps brachii is to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm.
27
Which artery is considered the main vessel for blood pressure measurements in the arm?
The brachial artery is the important blood vessel for blood pressure measurements.
28
Where does the brachial artery originate from?
The brachial artery originates from the axillary artery as it passes the lower border of teres major.
29
What two arteries does the brachial artery split into in the cubital fossa?
The brachial artery splits into the radial artery laterally and the ulnar artery medially.
30
What nerve runs in close association with the brachial artery?
The median nerve runs alongside the brachial artery.
31
What is the role of the profunda brachii artery?
The profunda brachii artery supplies the posterior compartment of the arm as it passes posteriorly through the triangular interval.
32
How can the brachial pulse be located?
The brachial pulse can be felt in the cleft on the medial aspect of the brachialis muscle.
33
What muscle is located deep to the brachialis muscle?
The biceps brachii is located deep to the brachialis muscle.
34
What arteries are responsible for supplying the joint capsule around the elbow?
The superior ulnar collateral artery and its inferior counterpart supply the elbow joint capsule.
35
What is the position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the brachial artery?
The ulnar nerve is positioned medial to the brachial artery.
36
What muscles cover the tendinous insertions of the biceps brachii?
The pectoralis major and deltoid muscle cover the tendinous insertions of the biceps brachii.
37
What important anatomical landmarks are located at the cubital fossa?
The biceps tendon, radial artery, and ulnar artery are important anatomical landmarks in the cubital fossa.
38
What is the origin of the ulnar nerve?
The ulnar nerve is the direct continuation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
39
What important structures run from the axilla into the anterior compartment of the arm?
Some very important structures include the branches of the brachial plexus and blood vessels.
40
What are the cutaneous nerves that supply the skin in the medial regions of the arm and forearm?
The cutaneous nerves include the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm which supply skin in those respective areas.
41
What is the cubital fossa?
The cubital fossa is an important triangular-shaped space located directly anterior to the elbow joint, which has structures passing from the forearm to the arm and vice versa.
42
What muscles form the lateral and medial boundaries of the cubital fossa?
The lateral boundary is formed by the brachioradialis muscle and the medial boundary is formed by the pronator teres muscle.
43
What lies superiorly to the cubital fossa?
Superiorly, the cubital fossa is bounded by an imaginary horizontal line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus.
44
What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
The floor of the cubital fossa is formed by the brachialis muscle and the supinator muscle.
45
What are the three important structures found from lateral to medial within the cubital fossa?
From lateral to medial, the structures are the tendon of biceps brachii, the brachial artery, and the median nerve (referred to as TAN).
46
What is the mnemonic to remember the important structures in the cubital fossa?
The mnemonic is TAN, which stands for the tendon of biceps brachii, the brachial artery, and the median nerve.
47
Which nerve does not pass through the cubital fossa?
The ulnar nerve does not pass through the cubital fossa; it passes more posteriorly.
48
What is the function of the supinator muscle found in the cubital fossa?
The supinator muscle is important in supinating the forearm.
49
Which artery runs alongside the lateral aspect of the cubital fossa?
The radial artery runs alongside the lateral aspect of the cubital fossa.
50
What structure lies medial to the tendon of biceps brachii in the cubital fossa?
The brachial artery lies medial to the tendon of biceps brachii in the cubital fossa.
51
What is the significance of the cubital fossa in anatomy?
The cubital fossa is significant due to its location and the presence of vital structures passing through it, which are crucial for both motor and sensory functions of the forearm and hand.
52
What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?
The roof of the cubital fossa is formed by the bicipital aponeurosis, which is a sheet-like structure that is part of the antebrachial fascia.
53
Which vein runs across the cubital fossa?
The median cubital vein runs across the cubital fossa, formed by the cephalic and basilic veins.
54
What is the significance of the cubital fossa in medical procedures?
The cubital fossa is an important site for venipuncture, making it critical for blood sampling and intravenous access.
55
What type of nerves are found in the cubital fossa?
Various cutaneous nerves are present in the cubital fossa, which take sensory information away from the surface of the fossa and surrounding regions.
56
What is the primary muscle found in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The primary muscle is the triceps brachii.
57
How many heads does the triceps brachii have?
The triceps brachii has three heads: long, lateral, and medial.
58
From where does the long head of the triceps originate?
The long head of the triceps originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
59
Which heads of the triceps brachii originate from the humerus?
The medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii originate from the posterior surface of the humerus.
60
What important structure is located in the radial groove of the humerus?
The radial nerve and the profunda brachii artery are located in the radial groove.
61
What is the function of the triceps brachii at the shoulder joint?
The triceps brachii primarily functions to extend the arm at the shoulder joint.
62
What is the role of the triceps brachii at the elbow joint?
It extends the forearm at the elbow joint.
63
What is the small muscle located in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The small muscle is called the anconeus.
64
Where does the anconeus muscle originate?
The anconeus muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
65
How does the anconeus muscle contribute to elbow movement?
The anconeus helps to extend the forearm at the elbow joint when it contracts.
66
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The muscles are innervated by the radial nerve.
67
What is the attachment point of the common tendon of the triceps?
The common tendon attaches to the olecranon of the ulna.
68
Which compartment opposes the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
The anterior compartment opposes the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment.
69
What important artery travels in the radial groove?
The profunda brachii artery travels in the radial groove.
70
How is the medial head of the triceps positioned relative to the radial groove?
The medial head is positioned inferior to the radial groove.
71
How is the lateral head of the triceps positioned relative to the radial groove?
The lateral head is positioned superior to the radial groove.
72
Which muscle is the primary extender of the arm at the shoulder joint?
Only the long head of the triceps contributes to extending the arm at the shoulder joint.
73
What is the primary action of the triceps muscle group as compared to the biceps muscle group?
The triceps muscle group is primarily responsible for extension, while the biceps handle flexion.
74
What anatomical feature separates the medial and lateral heads of the triceps?
The radial groove of the humerus separates the medial and lateral heads.
75
What is the anatomical significance of the triangular interval with respect to the posterior compartment?
The triangular interval allows the radial nerve to enter the posterior compartment of the arm.
76
What anatomical structure runs along the radial groove in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The radial nerve runs along the radial groove, separating the two heads of the triceps: the medial and lateral heads.
77
What two muscles does the radial nerve supply in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The radial nerve supplies the lateral head of the triceps and medial head of the triceps.
78
What is the significance of the long head of triceps brachii in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The long head of the triceps brachii forms the medial boundary of the quadrangular space and the triangular interval, which allows important neurovascular structures to pass through.
79
What structures form the boundaries of the triangular space in the posterior compartment?
The boundaries of the triangular space are formed by: Long head of triceps brachii (lateral), Teres minor (superior), Teres major (inferior).
80
What runs through the triangular interval in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The triangular interval allows for the passage of the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve.
81
How does the radial nerve relate to the anatomy of the triceps brachii?
The radial nerve runs down the radial groove of the humerus, separating the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii.
82
What are the components of the posterior compartment of the arm?
The posterior compartment includes the triceps brachii muscle and the neurovascular structures such as the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.
83
Which muscles surround the triceps brachii in the shoulder region?
The triceps brachii is intermingled with the scapulohumeral muscles: Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Teres major.
84
What does the long head of triceps brachii indicate about the space it defines?
The long head of triceps brachii indicates the medial boundary of crucial spaces such as the triangular space and the quadrangular space in the posterior compartment.
85
Why is the triangular interval considered an important space in the arm?
The triangular interval is important because it permits the passage of the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve, essential for arm function.
86
What role do the teres major and teres minor play in relation to the quadrangular space?
Teres major and teres minor form the inferior and superior boundaries, respectively, of the quadrangular space, which is critical for neurovascular passage.
87
What happens when the radial nerve passes through the triangular interval?
When the radial nerve passes through the triangular interval, it supplies the posterior compartment of the arm and runs along the radial groove of the humerus.

Histology (1 decks)

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