Chapter 1

Question 1

state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen

Answer 1

immunity

Question 2

theory that states: diseases caused by pathogens

Answer 2

germ theory

Question 3

who found granulocytes are part of the immune system

Answer 3

paul ehrlich

Question 4

pathogen which causes disease in all hosts

Answer 4

professional

Question 5

pathogen which causes diseases only when immune system is not functioning properly or enters a site where it can grow

Answer 5

opportunistic

Question 6

reside outside of the cells of organisms they infect

Answer 6

extracellular

Question 7

skin and mucosa are what type of line of defense

Answer 7

physical barriers

Question 8

non specific immunity learned after contact with a pathogen

Answer 8

innate immunity

Question 9

specific immunity learned after contact with a pathogen

Answer 9

adaptive immunity

Question 10

immune cells that use cell-surface proteins (immunoglobulin) to bind and recognize an antigen (differentiate to produce antibody)

Answer 10

B cells

Question 11

B cells have ____ immunity

Answer 11

humoral

Question 12

immune cells that use cell T-cell receptor protein to bind and recognize an antigen

Answer 12

T cells

Question 13

T cells have __ _____ immunity

Answer 13

cell mediated

Question 14

which cell, B or T is activated and differentiated to clear pathogens

Answer 14

T cell

Question 15

inactivation of immune response to self antigens

Answer 15

tolerance

Question 16

the ____ prevents entry of external pathogens

Answer 16

epithelium

Question 17

the mucus membranes produce mucus which contain

Answer 17

destrcutive components (constantly flushed)

Question 18

epithelial cells secrete antimicrobial substances such as ____ and ____

Answer 18

denfensins (antimicrobial) and lysozome

Question 19

the __ ___ of the skin, stomach, and vagina deter microorganisms

Answer 19

low pH

Question 20

collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit the body

Answer 20

microbiota

Question 21

which of the following is not a method of protection found in mucosal surfaces
a. low pH
b. high pH
c. production of lysosome
d. production of defensins

Answer 21

b. high pH

Question 22

contain granules within cytoplasm

Answer 22

granulocytes

Question 23

granulocytes that specialize in phagocytosis

Answer 23

neutrophils

Question 24

agranulocytes which are B cells and T cells

Answer 24

lymphocytes

Question 25

agranulocytes that differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages

Answer 25

monocytes

Question 26

granulocytes that specialize in phagocytosis

Answer 26

neutrophils

Question 27

two granulocytes that aren't neutrophils

Answer 27

eosinophils and basophils

Question 28

the process of formation of blood cells

Answer 28

hematopoiesis

Question 29

long-lived cells that specialize in phagocytosis; inhabit specific organs and body areas; secrete cytokines

Answer 29

macrophages

Question 30

gives rise to most cells involved in innate immunity and antigen presentation

Answer 30

myeloid progenitor

Question 31

important for phagocytosis and pathogen destruction; link innate and adaptive immune response

Answer 31

dendritic cells

Question 32

the ___ cells are able to leave the site of infection to displat antigen and activate adaptive immunity

Answer 32

dendritic

Question 33

lymphoid progenitor- innate cells give rise to what two cells

Answer 33

innate lymphoid cells and natural killer cells

Question 34

the lymphoid progenitor- adapt cells give rise to

Answer 34

T and B cells

Question 35

____ T cells: attack pathogen-infected cells

Answer 35

cytotoxic

Question 36

increased fluid at the site of infection which occurs when innate immune cells recognize infection and release cytokines

Answer 36

inflammation

Question 37

_____ immune response targets and destroys pathogens that evade innate immune system

Answer 37

adaptive

Question 38

highly specific T and B cell receptors that recognize specific antigen is called

Answer 38

clonal selection

Question 39

after recognition; cell proliferation and differentiation is known as

Answer 39

clonal expansion (uses effector cells)

Question 40

some effector cells produced will become ____ cells and are capable of activation if exposed to same pathogen

Answer 40

memory

Question 41

what are the two primary lymphoid tissues

Answer 41

bone marrow, thymus

Question 42

secondary lymphoid tissue are ___ ___ (where antigen from pathogens is presented and lymphocytes are activated in response)

Answer 42

lymph nodes

Question 43

facilitating antigen presentation and activation of adaptive immune response; contain a B and T cell region

Answer 43

lymph nodes

Question 44

____ cells present to T cells in lymph nodes

Answer 44

dendritic

Question 45

____ cells migrate to lymphoid follicles to activate B cells

Answer 45

effector

Question 46

the ___ is important because it hosts macrophages and dendritic cells residing in the bloodstream important for clearing bloodborne pathogens

Answer 46

spleen

Question 47

4 immune system malfunctions

Answer 47

hypersensitivity, autoimmune, immunodeficiencies, cancer