Chapter 1

Question 1

Nutrition =

Answer 1

ingestion + digestion + absorption + metabolism

Question 2

nutrient

Answer 2

specific function in the body

Question 3

categories of nutrients

Answer 3

macronutrients: carbs, fats, prots, water
micronutrients: vitamins, minerals &trace elements

Question 4

function of nutrients

Answer 4

promotion of growth and dev.
provision of energy
regulation of metabolism

Question 5

sports nutrition

Answer 5

blend of nutrition and exercise physiology
based on sound specific evidence
requires some art to apply scientific principles to humans

Question 6

long term sports nutrition goals

Answer 6

• adequate energy intake to meet the energy demands of training and performance
• adequate replenishment of muscle and liver glycogen with dietary carbohydrates
• adequate protein intake
• adequate overall diet to maintain good health
• appropriate weight and body composition

Question 7

short term nutrition goals

Answer 7

• consumption of food and beverages to delay fatigue during training and competition
• minimization of dehydration and hypohydration
• utilization of dietary strategies beneficial for performance such as precompetition meal, appropriately timed caffeine intake or carbohydrate loading
• intake of nutrients that support recovery
• appropriate timing of nutrients

Question 8

indispensable/essential

Answer 8

cannot be synthesized in the body

Question 9

dispensable/nonessential

Answer 9

can be synthesized by the body

Question 10

conditionally essential

Answer 10

only become essential under certain conditions

Question 11

essential nutrients : why

Answer 11

• for growth, health, and survival
• abscence-> deficiency, disease, death
• critical level of intake : below it, symptoms follow dose-response
• substance is not synthesized in body

Question 12

what is the dietary reference intake (DRI)

Answer 12

recommended intake levels for vitamins, minerals and macronutrients
aimed at prevention of chronic diseases

Question 13

how to use DRI

Answer 13

see ppt

Question 14

nutrition labeling in canada - health canada

Answer 14

regulates the labeling of food products in Canada, through the food and drugs act

Question 15

nutrition labeling - canadian food inspection agency

Answer 15

is responsible for enforcing the food regulations of the food and drugs act and regulations

Question 16

nutrition information provided on food labels

Answer 16

nutrition facts
ingredient list
nutrition claims
health claims

Question 17

daily value

Answer 17

• nutrient profile of food
• based on highest recommended intake for each age and sex group
• for macronutrients based on 2000 kcal reference diet
• none for proteine
• cholesterol - optional

Question 18

nutrition claims

Answer 18

• are regulated statements made when a food meets certain criteria
• they are optional and may be found only on some food products

Question 19

when you want to decrease the amount of certain nutrients what are you looking for on food labels

Answer 19

• free: none or hardly any
• low: small amount
• reduced: at least 25% less of the nutrient
• light: reduced fat or calories

Question 20

when you want to increase the amount of a nutrient what should you look for

Answer 20

• source: contains a significant amount of the nutrient
• high or good source: contains high amount
• very high or excellent source: contains very high amount

Question 21

general health claims are developped by

Answer 21

corporations
consumers should not solely rely on general health claims to make informed food choices

Question 22

food and fluid intake prior to exercise

Answer 22

1-4h

Question 23

goal of food and fluid intake before exercise

Answer 23

help with hunger and hydration

Question 24

food and fluid intake before exercise depends on

Answer 24

timing and gastrointestinal tolerance

Question 25

event > 60 min

Answer 25

30-60g CHO/h

Question 26

event > 2.5h

Answer 26

up to 90g CHO/h

Question 27

goal food and fluid intake after exercise + quantities to intake

Answer 27

replenish nutrients lost during exercise and to speed recovery - CHO 1.0-1.2 G/KG/H within 2h - fluid 1.5L/Kg bodyweigth lost - electrolytes E.G. sodium if a lot of sweating - protein: 15-25g

Question 28

other considerations of sports nutrition

Answer 28

- appropriate body composition - healthful weight loss practices - flexible eating plan - avoidance of disordered eating or eating disorders

Question 29

what is an ergogenic aid

Answer 29

enhances a person's ability to perform work improves athletic performances

Question 30

NHP regulates

Answer 30

- vitamins and minerals - herbal remedies - homeopathic medicines - traditional medicines such as chinese medicines - probiotics - other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids

Question 31

what is a dietary supplement according to DSHEA

Answer 31

a product other than tobacco intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains 1 or more of the following dietary ingredients: - vitamin - mineral - herb or other botanical - AA - dietary substance for use by humans to supplement the diet by increasing total dietary intake - a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described above intended for ingestion not conventional food sole item of a meal or diet

Question 32

do supplements require approval by the FDA

Answer 32

no

Question 33

is the supplement manufacturer responsible for safety and testing

Answer 33

no, not for safety test, only safety

Question 34

does the manufacturer have to prove their claims

Answer 34

no

Question 35

what can a manufacturer claim and not claim

Answer 35

cannot claim cure or relief of specific health condition or disease, and contains pharmacological uses can claim health claims, structure/function, nutrient content

Question 36

FDA

Answer 36

does not control supplements jurisdiction over labels sporadic & infrequent monitoring

Question 37

FTC

Answer 37

jurisdiction over advertising advertising must be truthful and not misleading, adequate substantiation for all objective product claims

Question 38

what is doping

Answer 38

enhancing performance using foreign substances or other artificial means

Question 39

causes of inadvertent doping

Answer 39

ignorance names in ingredients list are not recognized contamination not all ingredients listed

Question 40

up to __ elite athletes use __ supplements

Answer 40

80% >= 1

Question 41

reasons for use of dietary supplements among athletes

Answer 41

- poor diet - physical demands of training and competition - others are taking - recommended by coach, dr, trainer, etc - stay healthy and boost immunity - personal recommendation advertising and information on the internet

Question 42

safety consideration of supplements

Answer 42

- safe at recommended dose - adverse effects - herbal supplements

Question 43

safety herbal supplement

Answer 43

- concern of liver toxicity - lack of standardization of active ingredients - contamination - interaction with other medications